不同叶龄期氮磷钾缺失对棉花生长及养分积累的影响  

Effect of N,P and K Elements Deficiency on Growth and Nutrition Accumulation of Cotton during Different Leaf Ages

作　　者：陈波浪[1,2] 盛建东[1,2] 贾宏涛[1,2] 付东磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第2期342-347,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高等学校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2006I29);新疆维吾尔自治区"十一五"重大专项课题(200731133-2);新疆维吾尔自治区高校青年启动项目(XJEDU2008S17);国家科技支撑项目(2007BAC03A06);教育部春晖计划(Z2005-1-65007);新疆维吾尔自治区高技术研究与发展计划(200712111);新疆维吾尔自治区土壤学重点学科

摘　　要：[目的]利用不同叶龄期棉花营养供应的中断,探寻不同时期棉花缺素症状及其养分的吸收积累状况。[方法]设计缺N、缺P、缺K和对照处理的水培试验,分析测定棉花株高、叶面积、营养元素含量和干物质积累量等指标,研究了N、P、K素缺失对棉株生长性状及N、P、K养分吸收的影响。[结果]缺素对棉株的生长发育有明显的抑制作用,缺氮、缺磷、缺钾处理的棉株株高和倒四叶叶面积平均较正常棉株分别降低了37.4%、20.8%、27.6%和33.3%、32.5%、20.3%。同时,缺素严重影响了棉株对N、P、K养分的吸收积累,缺氮处理的棉株在四叶期、八叶期和十二叶期的N吸收积累量分别比正常棉株的降低了53.3%、37.8%和27.5%;缺磷处理的棉株在四叶期、八叶期和十二叶期的P吸收积累量分别比正常棉株的降低了75.2%、73.1%和74.1%;缺钾处理的棉株在四叶期、八叶期和十二叶期的K吸收积累量分别比正常棉株降低了44.9%、38.3%和37.4%。氮磷钾的缺失均会显著降低棉花整株干物质的积累量,分别比正常棉株下降了24.1%、13.4%和24.0%。[结论]大量元素的缺失显著影响棉花生长发育和光合产物的积累,在生育前期(八叶期以前)氮磷钾缺失显著延缓棉花生长和减少养分吸收,后期(十二叶期以后)氮磷钾缺失显著降低棉花干物质积累。因此,依叶龄合理施肥能及时供给棉花养分需求,提高养分利用效率,为棉花高效生产提供理论依据。[ Objective] This study aims to explore nutrient deficiency symptom, nutrient absorption and accumulation of cotton during the different periods by using nutrition supply disruption in different leaf ages of cotton. [ Method ] Effect of N, P and K elements deficiency on the growth and the nutrition accumulation of cotton in different leaf ages was studied by applying N, P and K deficiencies and CK treatments under water condition to measure the height, the leaf area, the contents of nutrition and the dry matter accumulation of cotton. [ Result] The results suggested that the growth of cotton was significantly restrained by lacking N, P and K. Compared with the normal cotton, the height of cotton and the average leaf area of the last leaf but four under the condition of elements deficiency declined 37.4%, ：20.8% , ：27.6% and 33.3%, 32.5%, 20.3% respectively. The elements absorption of cotton significantly dropped under the condition of elements deficiency. Compared with the normal cotton, the N accumulation rate of N deficiency during the fourth leaf age, the eighth leaf age and the twelfth leaf age decreased 53.3%, 37.8% and 27.5% respectively, the P accumulation rate of P deficiency during the fourth leaf age, the eighth leaf age, the twelfth leaf age decreased 75.2% , 73.1% and 74.1% respectively, the K accumulation rate of K deficiency during the fourth leaf age, the eighth leaf age, the twelfth leaf age decreased 44.9% , 38.3% and 37.4% respectively. Compared with the normal cotton, the dry matter accumulation of cotton under the condition of N, P and K elements deficiency declined 24.1%, 13.4% and ：24.0% respectively. [ Conclusion ] In this experiment condition, lacking N, P and K in prophase （before the eight leaf age） significantly delayed cotton growth and reduced the nutrient absorption, but lacking N, P and K in anaphase （ after the twelve leaf age） greatly decreased the dry matter accumulation. Therefore, rational application of fertilizer according to the leaf age could timely supply nut

关 键 词：棉花 缺素 叶龄 养分积累 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S506