北大西洋海表风速季节特征及长期变化趋势分析  

Seasonal Characteristics of Sea Surface Wind Field and Its Long Term Trend in the North Atlantic Ocean

作　　者：姚琪[1] 郑崇伟[2] 梁新友[1] 李云波[1] 王冠 

机构地区：[1]海军海洋水文气象中心 [2]92538部队 [3]东海舰队司令部37分队

出　　处：《科技资讯》2013年第1期135-138,共4页Science & Technology Information

摘　　要：利用来自欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF——European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)的长时间序列、高精度的ERA-40海表10 m风场资料,对北大西洋海域海表风场的季节特征、长期变化趋势进行深入研究,研究发现:(1)北大西洋海域的海表风速等值线在各季均大致呈东西带状分布,且由高纬度向赤道表现出高—低—高—低的分布特征。MAM和SON期间海表风速的分布特征较为相似,大值中心分布于北半球西风带海域;DJF期间的海表风速为全年最大;JJA期间的海表风速为全年最小。加勒比海海域常年存在一风速的相对大值中心。从多年平均来看,风速存在一明显的、范围较广的大值区:西风带海域,加勒比海也存在一范围较小的大风区。(2)1958年至2001年期间,北大西洋海域的海表风速以0.0049 m.s-1.a-1的速度显著性逐年线性递增。(3)北大西洋海表风速的变化趋势表现出较大的区域性差异:呈显著性逐年线性递增的区域主要分布于30°N以下的低纬度海域,变化趋势在0.01～0.025 m.s-1.a-1左右,西班牙东北部近海的递增趋势最为强劲,达到0.035 m.s-1.a-1以上,墨西哥湾和加勒比海则呈显著性逐年线性递减,趋势为-0.015 m.s-1.a-1左右,其余海域的海表风速无显著变化趋势。(4)近44年期间,北大西洋海域的海表风速存在明显的突变现象,突变期为1972年前后。In this study,the seasonal characteristics of sea surface wind field and its long term linear trend in the North Atlantic Ocean were analyzed by using the high resolution sea surface wind field data from ECMWF （European Centre for Medium--Range Weather Forecasts）. Results show that,（1） During MAM and SON,the distribution feature of sea surface wind speed is relatively slmilar,large center distributes in the area of the Northern Hemisphere of west wind. The wind speed during DJF is biggest all year round, and during JJA is the minimum.Caribbean Sea is the relatively big value center of wind speed all the year round.（2） From 1958 to 2001,sea surface wind speed in the North Atlantic Ocean has obviously increasing trend of about 0.0049m,s-l.a-l.（3）Over the last 44 years, the linear trend of sea surface wind speed in the North Atlantic Ocean has obviously regional differences,areas with increasing trend mainly distribute in the low latitude waters.（4） Over the last 44 years,sea surface wind speed in the North Atlantic Ocean has obviously abrupt phenomenon,and the abrupt period in near 1972.

关 键 词：北大西洋 ERA-40风场 季节特征 长期变化趋势 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程]