植物对土遗址的保护作用初探——以内蒙古东部地区土遗址为例  

Preliminary study of the protective effects of plants on earthen sites——the earthen sites in eastern Inner Mongolia as examples

作　　者：王菲[1,2] 孙满利[1] 徐路 刘炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710069 [2]江西省文物保护中心,江西南昌330008 [3]长沙市文物局,湖南长沙410002

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2013年第1期6-14,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助(2010BAK67B16)

摘　　要：位于内蒙古东部的土遗址上普遍长有植物,由于植物本身对土遗址具有双重作用,既有保护作用,也有破坏作用,采用植物保护土遗址就是最大限度的发挥其有利的一面,故此研究植物在遗址中发挥的保护作用尤为重要。选择应昌路故城、元上都遗址和辽上京遗址作为研究对象,采用现场调查的方法从植被覆盖度、根系分布情况两方面研究植物对土遗址的作用。结果表明,遗址顶面普遍被以羊草、冰草、紫羊茅、马蔺、旋覆花为主的低矮草本植物覆盖,其覆盖度集中在30%～60%;这些植物对防止降水冲刷遗址有明显的作用,对遗址的整体外貌影响也比较小。因此,针对长有植被、雨蚀病害严重、其他保护手段技术还不成熟、达不到理想的保护效果的遗址,可采用植物保护土遗址,并且其思路是可行的。There are plants on all the earthen sites located in the eastern Inner Mongolia. Plants are both good and harmful for earthen sites, so it is necessary to maxize the benefit and minimize the tecting the earthen sites. The Sites of Yingchanglu State Capital, Xanadu and the damage when using plant for pro- Upper Capital of the Hao Dynasty were selected for field investigation to study the effects of plant coverage and plant root distribution on earthen sites. The results showed that the tops of the sites are covered with low height herbaceous plants, mainly Leymus chinensis, Agropyron cristatum, Festuca rubra, Iris lactea, and Japanese Inula flower, and the coverage is within the range of 30% - 60%. The plants play an important role in protecting the sites against damages caused by rain- fall and have little effect on the sites＇ overall landscape. Conclusion was drawn that plants can be applied to protect earthen sites that have plants, suffer serious rain erosion and cannot be satisfactorily protected by other existing methods.

关 键 词：植物 土遗址 保护 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q949.99[历史地理—历史学]