云冈石窟石质文物表面污染物清洗效果检测技术实验  

Evaluation of surface cleaning technology for Yunguang Grottos

作　　者：周华[1,2,3] 高峰 王扬 王昌燧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院研究生院科技史与科技考古系,北京100049 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所人类演化实验室,北京100044 [3]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [4]Andreas M.Zoll,Innowep GmbH,Germany

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2013年第1期15-23,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助(2009BAK53B01)

摘　　要：云冈石窟长年暴露于自然界风化环境中,以及近些年来,周围煤矿的开采带来的环境污染,极大地影响及危害云冈石窟石雕艺术品的价值及保存,影响云冈石雕文物的有效寿命。为此,通过对云冈石窟三种典型的污染物、粉尘、烟熏及表面结垢进行清洗实验,并采用色差仪、显微视频成像仪及三维形貌仪对清洗效果进行检测,特别的是三维形貌对加固样品和空白样品的形貌变化比较分析,得出样品的显微形态及表面粗糙度数据,对文物的"最少人为干预"和"不改变文物原状"原则的评价给予了支持,为石质文物清洗效果评估提供了新的方法。Due to the influence from the environment, microbiology and coal mining, Yungang Grottos, one of the World Heritages in China, accumulated a massive amount of pollutants at the surface of its stone heritages. The pollutants severely damage the art value and are eroding the stones. In order to remove those pollutants effectively, mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning methods were used in the experiments. The dust on the paintings was cleaned by mechanical method, and smoke residues and suface fouling were cleaned by chemical methods. Color- imeter, microscopic imager and three - dimensional profilometer were used to detect the effect of cleaning. The col- orimeter provided the colour change before and after cleaning, and the microscopic imager provided the microscopic image change before and after cleaning. TRACEiT, a fully mobile system, was found to provide an easy, fast, and destruction - free measurement of the visual impression as well as the three dimensional topography in a repro- ducible fashion. The results showed that the methods meet the requirement of the ＂minimum - intervention＂ and ＂does - not - change - historic - condition＂ principles of heritage conservation. The method provides a new ap- proach to assess the results of stone cleaning. In the following work, portable Raman and portable infrared technolo- gy would be used to analyze the pollutant composition and rock composition before and after cleaning to check whether the methods meet the requirement of the ＂no - component - change - of - historic - condition＂ principle of heritage conservation. The combined methods can potentially provide a system to more efficiently evaluate the cleaning effect.

关 键 词：环境污染 清洗 色差仪 显微成像仪 粗糙度 评价 

分 类 号：K879.22[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]