不同土地利用方式坡面产流输沙过程模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation of Runoff Generation and Sediment Transport Processes Under Different Lands Use Patterns

作　　者：赵春红[1] 高建恩[1,2,3] 邵辉[1] 王宏杰[3] 许秀泉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《四川大学学报（工程科学版）》2013年第2期38-46,共9页Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition)

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD31B05);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助项目(2009ZX07212-002-003-002)

摘　　要：针对目前多数坡面侵蚀预测模型难以模拟土地利用变化对坡面产流输沙过程影响的问题,基于运动波方程和泥沙输移公式,给出了一种能够反映不同土地利用方式下坡面产流输沙时空变化的简化模型,并利用裸地、草地、坡耕地、灌木地及幼林地的试验及自然降雨条件下坡面产流输沙实测资料对模型进行验证,符合较好。利用该模型对黄土高原不同降雨条件下不同土地利用场景坡面产流输沙特征进行了模拟,结果表明:典型降雨条件下,5 a树龄以上的林地或覆盖度在60%以上的草地坡面标准小区基本不再发生侵蚀;坡度小于15°的裸地坡面中下部发生轻度侵蚀;十年一遇降雨条件下,10 a树龄以上的林地坡面土壤侵蚀基本得到控制,而草地调控坡面水沙的能力有限,裸地更差。对低强度短历时降雨,草地调控水沙的见效较快;对高强度长历时降雨,林地调控水沙的作用较大,两者宜配合进行;对不同坡度裸地,要严格控制坡面坡长。研究结果为优化土地利用方式提供了理论支撑。In order to evaluate the effect of land use change on soil erosion process,a mathematical model was developed for simulating runoff generation and sediment transport processes on different slope lands.This model was comprised of two modules：the kinematic-wave equation for overland flow and a sediment transport formula.The measured runoff generation and sediment transport data of bare land,grassland,cropland,scrubs land and young forest land were used for model validation and the simulating values were in good agreement with the measurements.Then the characteristics of runoff generation and sediment transport under different land use scenarios were predicted using the model and the results showed that soil erosion could be greatly controlled on 5-year-old forestland or grassland with coverage more than 60% under the normal rainfall in the loess plateau,and light erosion occurres in the middle and lower part of the bare land with the gradient less than 15°.Only the 10-year-old forestland could provide a good erosion control effect while the effects of grassland and bare land are limited under the once in ten-year rainfall.Both grassland and forestland should be cooperated in combating erosion by taking the advantages of the faster effect of grassland for low intensity and short duration rainfall and the more obvious effect of forestland for high intensity and long duration rains.The slope length should be strictly controlled for bare land with different gradients.

关 键 词：土地利用方式 运动波 泥沙输移公式 产流输沙过程 模型应用 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]