钝叶榕三种榕小蜂的关键形态和行为差异研究  

Differences of Key Morphology and Behavioral Characteristics between Three Fig Wasps in Ficus curtipes

作　　者：李宗波[1] 杨培[2] 杨大荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,昆明650223

出　　处：《四川动物》2013年第2期199-204,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金资助项目榕蜂互作系统中化学信息物质的分配与调控(31100279);国家自然科学基金资助项目榕树非传粉小蜂由寄生向互惠演化的机制(30970403);云南省重点学科森林保护学项目(XKZ200905)

摘　　要：比较钝叶榕三种同步进果的榕小蜂——钝叶榕传粉榕小蜂、杨氏金小蜂和Lipothymussp.的关键形态,结合它们的进果行为,分析非传粉榕小蜂的形态适应性和依赖传粉榕小蜂进果的原因。结果表明,杨氏金小蜂和Li-pothymussp.的胸部、前后足均趋同于钝叶榕传粉榕小蜂,但两者体表较为光滑,有鳞片状刻纹,少毛,且触角第三部分未衍生出刺突形结构,下颚也无骨板。钝叶榕传粉榕小蜂利用刺突和下颚来撬动苞片,形成微小开口,这一过程约耗费总进果时间的2/3。无论钝叶榕传粉榕小蜂是否进入果腔,一旦苞片处形成开口,杨氏金小蜂和Lipothymussp.即可顺利进入,进入果腔的时间无显著的差异。因此,缺少刺突形结构和骨板是杨氏金小蜂和Lipothymussp.不能独自进果的关键,也意味两者进果必须依赖钝叶榕传粉榕小蜂。To test morphological adaptation and entrance dependency of non-pollinating fig wasps,experiments were designed to analyze the differences of key morphology and behavioral characteristics between three internally ovipositing parasites,Eupristina sp.,Diaziella yangi and Lipothymus sp..The results indicated that the morphology of thorax,foreleg and hindleg of two non-pollinating wasps,D.yangi and Lipothymus sp.,were highly convergent to the obligate pollinating wasp,Eupristina sp..However,both of D.yangi and Lipothymus sp.possessed smooth body surface area with flake-shaped groove and sparse hair.Furthermore,there was no spine-like expansion on the third antennal segment or lamellae bear on the mandible.According to behavioral observation,Eupristina sp.dug the bract ostiole with spine-like expansion and mandible for one slightly slit.This process consumed 2/3 all of the total time.Once slit were shaped,D.yangi or Lipothymus sp.could smoothly enter the fig cavity independently.There were no statistically significant difference in time consuming between D.yangi and Lipothymus sp..Therefore,we could draw a conclusion that the deficiency of spine-like expansion and lamellae determined the specific entrance denpendency on the Eupristina sp..

关 键 词：钝叶榕 传粉榕小蜂 非传粉榕小蜂 进果产卵 形态适应性 行为 刺突 骨板 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学] Q968.1