脑卒中患者主要照顾者心理状态与应对方式状况及其相关性  

Correlation between psychological states and coping styles of primary caregivers of stroke patients

作　　者：杜丽娜[1] 徐宏[2] 岳仕鸿[2] 孟令伶[3] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第二临床医学院神经内科 [2]哈尔滨医科大学附属第二临床医学院肿瘤内科 [3]哈尔滨医科大学附属第一临床医学院血液内科,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《现代临床护理》2013年第1期35-39,共5页Modern Clinical Nursing

基　　金：哈尔滨医科大学护理学院课题;项目编号为HL200911

摘　　要：目的探讨脑卒中患者主要照顾者心理状态与应对方式状况及其相关性。方法采用便利取样法选取脑卒中患者主要照顾者286名,采用症状自评量表(symptom check list 90,SCL-90)、医学应对方式问卷(medical coping modes questionnaire,MCMQ)调查照顾者心理状况及其应对方式状况。了解脑卒中患者主要照顾者心理状态与应对方式状况及其相关性。结果照顾者SCL-90各因子得分均高于国内常模,组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01);学历较高照顾者在抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、精神病性各因子得分较低,不同学历组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01);主要照顾者应对方式与国内常模比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.001),其中面对应对方式得分低于国内常模,而屈服、回避应对方式得分高于国内常模;主要照顾者面对应对方式、回避应对方式与SCL-90各因子分呈负相关(均P<0.05);屈服应对方式与SCL-90各因子分呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者主要照顾者存在不良的心理状态且多采取消极的应对方式;照顾者越趋向采取积极应对方式对其改善心理状态越好,越趋向采取消极应对方式则对其心理状态影响越差。因此,应对照顾者进行知识培训,指导其有效利用家庭其他成员的支持,鼓励照顾者表达不良情绪及加强出院后访视等,更好地改善照顾者不良心理状态,使其得到更多的关爱,提高其生活质量。Objective To study the correlation between psychological state and coping styles of primary caregivers of stroke patients. Method 286 primary caregivers were screened out by the random sampling method for the investigation of their psychological states and coping styles using SCL-90 and the medical coping modes questionnaire （MCMQ）. Results There were significant differences between primary caregivers and Chinese norm in terms of all factors （P 〈 0.01）. The major caregivers with higher education were scored significantly lower than those with less education on the factors of depression, anxiety, hostility, fear, psychoticism （P 〈 0.01）. There were significant different differences between primary caregivers and Chinese norm in coping style （P 〈 0.01）： the score on confrontation in the coping style lower than the norm while the score on avoidance in the coping style higher than in norm. The confrontation and avoidance in the primary caregivers were negatively correlated to the factors of SCL-90 （ P 〈 0.05） and yielding in the coping style positively to the factors of SCL-90 （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The primary caregivers of stroke patients are at the poor psychological states and they tend to take the passive and negative coping styles. The more they take active coping style, the better their mental states grow and vise versa. Therefore, the caregivers need professional training so that they can use the supports from their families and be encouraged to speak out their poor moods. Post-discharge visits to them, besides, are helpful for the improved psychological states for the improvement of their quality of life.

关 键 词：脑卒中 照顾者 心理状态 应对方式 

分 类 号：R473.74[医药卫生—护理学]