短道速滑运动员赛前心理状态与调整  

Status and Control of Short Track Speed Skaters' Psychology before Competition

作　　者：杜凯 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市体育运动学校,黑龙江哈尔滨150020

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2012年第3期17-20,共4页China Winter Sports

摘　　要：赛前心理准备被看作是高水平运动员成功的必备能力,能增强运动员的自信心和心理稳定性,消除可能存在的心理障碍,形成最佳心理状态。调查表明34%的短道速滑运动员认为在赛前会出现睡眠不良的状况,13%的短道速滑运动员感觉食欲状况不佳,不能达到最好的生理状态;过分看重比赛的短道速滑运动员占到了53%,受完成指标影响的短道速滑运动员占到了51%,44%的短道速滑运动员出现对场地环境可能出现干扰的信心不足;个性特点、过分的看重比赛结果和缺乏自信是影响赛前状态的主要因素。针对赛前不良的心理状态应采取针对性的心理训练、自我暗示、自我调整等措施积极调整短道速滑运动员的赛前心理状态。Psychological preparation is viewed as a necessary ability of high - level athletes winning, and can enhance their self-confidence and psychological stability, shape an optimal psychology by clearing up some possible psychological obstacles, Some investigations shows that 34% of short track speed skaters come to a bad sleep before competition, 13% feel poor appetite, 53% overvalue a competition, 51% are influ- enced by achieved tasks, 44% lack the confidence against possible distraction from competitive surround- ings. The main factors influencing their psychology before competition relate to personality, overvaluation of competitive results and lack of confidence. It suggests some countermeasures of controlling the psychology before competition such as having experience in competitions, auto -suggestion, auto -regulation and pur- poseful psychological training.

关 键 词：短道速滑 赛前 心理状态 调整 

分 类 号：G862.9[文化科学—体育训练] G804.86[文化科学—体育学]