蜜蜂授粉对保护地中果型西瓜长势品质产量的影响  

Effects of Honeybee Pollination on Median Size Watermelon＇s Growth, Quality and Production in Vinyl House

作　　者：张保东 芦金生 陈宗光 刘国栋 王凤鹤[3] 赵永和 兰振 董帅 

机构地区：[1]北京市大兴区农业技术推广站,北京102600 [2]北京市大兴区农业技术服务中心,北京102600 [3]北京市农林科学院农业科技信息研究所,北京100097 [4]北京市大兴区庞各庄镇农业综合服务中心,北京102601

出　　处：《北京农业（下旬刊）》2012年第11期10-13,共4页Beijing Agriculture

摘　　要：蜜蜂授粉是中果型西瓜简约化栽培技术之一，西瓜蜜蜂授粉与人工辅助授粉处理相比，蜜蜂授粉是天然授粉方式，既可减轻瓜农的劳动强度，又可提高西瓜坐果率及西瓜心、边糖含量，改善西瓜品质。试验结果表明：中果型西瓜京欣3号两种蜜蜂授粉方式和人工辅助授粉，对整个生育期主蔓长、粗、绿叶数及叶面积无影响，两种蜜蜂授粉与人工辅助授粉平均单瓜质量提高0．400kg，两种蜜蜂授粉与人工辅助授粉667m。平均产量提高380．800kg，两种蜜蜂粉坐果率为100．00％，畸形果为0．00％。从西瓜皮厚、硬度及产籽量上来分析，两种蜜蜂授粉西瓜比人工辅助授粉西瓜皮厚平均降低0．19cm，瓤的硬度平均降低0．360kg／cm2，产籽量平均增加了10．00％，且籽粒饱满。两种蜜蜂授粉的西瓜果形周正，商品率高。两种蜜蜂授粉平均边缘和中心可溶性固形物增加了0．23％和0．82％，且蜜蜂授粉改变了西瓜的品质，纤维少，酥脆可口，经济效益可提高31．00％。综合考虑667m2产量、坐瓜率和可溶性固形物含量等指标，中果型西瓜蜜蜂授粉表现最为优异，建议广大瓜农应用中果型西瓜蜜蜂授粉技术。Honeybee pollination is one of the simplified planting techniques for median size watermelons. Compared with artificial supplementary pollination, honeybee pollination is natural, which not only ease labour, but also increase the fruit set rate and sugar content. Researches on JingXin NO.3 ,a kind of median size watermelon, suggest： artificial supplementary pollination and two kinds of honeybee pollination have no effect on the length, thickness, number of green leaves and leaf area of the main vines. Under artificial supplementary pollination and two kinds of honeybee pollination, the average weight of one watermelon has increased by 0.400 kg. Besides, the average production of an area of 667m2 has increased by 380.800 kg. When two kinds of honeybee pollination are used, the fruit set rate reaches 100.00%, and the malformed fruit rate 0.00%. Considering the pee! thickness, pulp hardness and seed set, watermelons, which have used two kinds of honeybee pollination, have a decrease of peel thickness about 0.19 mm, 0.360 kg/cm2 decrease on pulp hardness, and 10.00% increase of seed set. What＇ s more, the seeds are plump, watermelons regular and commodity rate high. With two kinds of honeybee pollination, the average soluble solids of the marginal and central part have increased by 0.23% and 0.82% respectively. Meanwhile, the quality of the watermelons is changed： less fiber and more delicious. The economic benefits have increased by 31.00%. Considering the indexes of production, fruit set rate and soluble solids quantity, honeybee pollination is more beneficial for median size watermelon. As a result, we suggest the melon growers to use honeybee pollination technique on median size watermelons.

关 键 词：西瓜 蜜蜂授粉 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]