麋鹿发生C型魏氏梭菌病  

C -type Clostridia Gastroenteritis in Pere David's Deer Elaphurus davidianus

作　　者：张成林[1] 刘燕[1] 闫鹤[1] 普天春[1] 佘瑞萍[2] 杨明海[1] 贾婷[1] 张金国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京动物园,北京100044 [2]中国农业大学动物医学院,北京100094

出　　处：《野生动物》2012年第5期260-263,共4页

基　　金：北京市公园管理中心项目-圈养野生动物粪便中产气荚膜梭菌的检出率和血清型

摘　　要：北京动物园麋鹿发生C型魏氏梭菌病。饲养环境:饲养场位于北京西北部昌平区明陵镇北,占地约13 hm^2,饲养麋鹿等30多种动物,麋鹿为半散养。流行特征:2011年1月5日发现多只麋鹿死亡,发病突然,临床症状不明显,连续5 d均有死亡,死亡率达75%,饲养场内其他动物没发病。尸体剖检:尸体肚胀,天然孔干净,胃、肠道胀气,小肠黏膜、心外膜下、肺等组织有颜色不均、大小不等的紫色斑点。病理组织学:心肌、脾、肾、胰腺、十二指肠等均表现充血、出血、坏死等炎性变化。病原特性:肠内容物涂片可见两端钝圆的杆菌,革兰氏染色阳性,厌氧培养有双层溶血环,病菌在电镜下呈棒状,可致小白鼠死亡,PCR检测为C型魏氏梭菌,对头孢曲松钠和头孢哌酮敏感。结论:依据上述检测结果,确认本次麋鹿发病是由C型魏氏梭菌引起。魏氏梭菌是条件致病菌,主要是毒素引起组织变化。调整好高能量饲料和纤维饲料的结构,提供好的环境,保证动物健康和减少发病。Pere David＇s Deer （or Milu in Chinese） （Elaphurus davidianus） in Beijing Zoo was infected by C. welchii type C. The zoo is located in Ming Ling town of Changping District in Northwest Beijing City, covering an area of 200 acres. Milu and 30 other species of animals were raised in the zoo. The milu population is under semi - free - range condition. On January 1, 2001, many deer suddenly fell ill and many were found dead. Clinical symptoms were not obvious. The milu died over a pe- riod of five days. The mortality rate was 75%. Other species in the farm did not fall ill. Deer carcasses had swelled significant- ly. Natural orifices were clean. Gastrointestinal tracts were inflated with air. Purple spots of uneven color and size were found on the intestinal mucosa, epicardium, and the lung. The heart, spleen, kidney, pancreas and duodenum showed congestion, hem- orrhage, necrosis and other inflammatory changes. Many blunt end bacilli were found in the smear of the intestinal contents. The bacteria were gram positive, and double hemolytic in anaerobic culture. The rod - like bacteria were observed under the electron microscope, and they caused death when introduced to laboratory mice. The bacterium was identified as C. welchii type C by PCR detection, and is sensitive to ceftriaxone and cefoperazone. C. welchii was confirmed as the conditioned pathogen based on the tests above. This bacterium mainly causes organizational change by toxins. Adjusting the ratio of high - energy forage and fi- ber content in the diet, and providing a hygenic environment can ensure animal health and reduce morbidity.

关 键 词：麋鹿 魏氏梭菌病 C型菌 

分 类 号：S855.1[农业科学—临床兽医学]