共同安全的困境——论当代国际安全的文化价值基础  

The Difficulties of Common Security:On the Need for Value Consensus as a Basis for International Security

作　　者：石斌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院 [2]南京大学国际关系研究院

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2013年第1期19-40,154-155,共22页Journal of International Security Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(编号10BGJ008)的阶段性成果;教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目(编号08JA810013);南京大学人文基金的资助

摘　　要：国际安全的实质是共同安全,有赖于国际社会在安全观念和安全战略上的基本共识。由于20世纪以来全球国际体系的形成及其文化多样性,世界政治、经济、军事等领域的巨大变革,尤其是民族主义与大众政治的兴盛、超级强权的出现及其意识形态对立,此种共识或价值基础已相当"稀薄"。在战略文化上,存在着对抗型与合作型的差别;在安全观念上,存在着对国家安全、国际安全或全球安全的不同价值偏重;在安全策略上,存在着霸权、均势与制度等模式的竞争。而避免重大战争、维护国际体系稳定与各国独立生存仍然是国际安全的首要目标;促进经济正义以避免国际经济秩序失衡所衍生的国际国内冲突、应对影响人类生存环境和生存状态的全球性非传统安全问题,正成为新的难题。在安全相互依赖的时代,国际社会必须重建共识,奉行以共同安全与合作安全为价值导向的、真正的"国际安全战略",否则将难以摆脱纯粹自助与竞争型"国家安全战略"所造成的安全困境。International security is substantially common security,which relies heavily on some basic consensus on security conceptions and strategies among nations.But such consensus or value basis has become very ‘thin’ as a result of the formation of the global international system along with its cultural diversity since the beginning of the 20th century,the great political,economic and military changes in contemporary world,and above all,the rise of nationalism and mass politics as well as the emergence of superpowers and the conflicts of their ideologies.In strategic culture,there is a difference between confrontational culture and cooperative culture;in security conceptions,national,international or global security is preferred by different peoples or countries;in security strategies,there exist several competing models such as hegemonic stability,balance of power and institutional cooperation,while the primary aims of international security remain to be avoiding major wars,maintaining the stability of the international system and the survival of its members,along with the new task of promoting global economic justice and meeting the challenge of various non-traditional security issues.In an age of security interdependence,international society must make joint efforts to rebuild the consensus on security in light of the fundamental values of common and cooperative security ideas,and to practice a truly 'international' security strategy so as to break away from the security dilemmas brought about by each country’s dependence on its own 'national' self-helping security strategy.

关 键 词：国际安全 共同安全 价值基础 安全观念 安全战略 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]