血液透析相关性低血压的临床观察与护理  

The Nursing Care of Hemodialysis Related Hypotension

作　　者：白福香[1] 周冰宣[1] 袁波[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省宜宾市第一人民医院肾病内科,宜宾644000

出　　处：《当代护士（中旬刊）》2013年第4期119-121,共3页Modern Nurse

摘　　要：总结了血液透析相关性低血压发生的原因和预防护理措施。回顾性分析52例血液透析的患者的护理方法,包括透析过程中随时观察患者生命体征变化、每小时测1次血压、必要时每15～30 min测血压1次、对于症状性低血压立即给予高渗溶液泵前输入、同时减慢流速及降低透析液温度等。在560例次低血压中有469例次血压恢复正常,可继续进行透析,91例次伴低血压持续,立即结束血液透析。认为在透析过程中应密切观察、加强巡视,密切观察患者生命体征变化是及时发现低血压的关键,特别是以透析开始后2.0～3.0 h应引起高度警惕。同时掌握每例透析患者的具体情况,对一些易发生症状性低血压的患者要做到个体化护理。Retorspectively analyzed 52cases of hemodialysis patients to summarize the causes and prevention of hemodialysis related hypotension. For the 52 cases, observing the vital signs, such as measuring blood pressure per hour or 15to 30 minutes if necessary was important. And hyperosmotic solution was pumped immediately for patients who had the signs of symptomatic hypotension. Also, the flow rate and the temperature of the dialysate should be reduced. There were 13 times of hemodialysis related hypotension happened in the first hour, accounting for 2.32% ; 499 times for the second and the third hour and 48 times in the fourth hour, 89.11% and 8.57% respectively. Constant hypotension happened for 91 times and the dialysis had to be stopped immediately. Therefore, close observation and intense care are the key points to detect hemodialysis related hypotension, especially in the first hour. And individualized care should be done in all patients.

关 键 词：血液透析 低血压 护理 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]