北方水稻直播栽培的农艺问题与对策  

Agronomic Problems and Countermeasures of North Rice in Direct Seeding Cultivation

作　　者：张文忠[1] 苏悦[1] 殷延勃[2] 赵明辉[1] 陈温福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室.沈阳110161 [2]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,银川750105

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2012年第6期699-703,共5页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903003);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B14);辽宁省科技计划重大项目(2011212002)

摘　　要：综合水稻温光反应特性、北方气候生态特点和种植制度、水稻直播栽培的特殊性等内容,对北方水稻直播栽培涉及的农艺问题进行了思考和讨论,认为水稻直播栽培与育苗移栽的本质差别在于二者的生育期、生育进程和灌浆期不同;北方水稻直播栽培的适宜产量构成策略应是穗数型或穗粒兼顾型,适宜品种应能实现在当地无霜期内"无缝连接,满负荷工作";选育或选用直播品种,应该兼顾耐寒性、光敏感性和分蘖势等几方面,穗型以一次枝梗较多的小穗为宜;北方水稻直播栽培管理,应遵循播量宜大、管理前促、化控促早和收获宜迟4个原则。此外,还对北方水稻直播栽培需要深入研究的科学问题进行了梳理和归纳,并对北方水稻直播栽培的前景进行了展望。The agronomic problems related to direct seeding in north China on temperature and light characteristic, ecological and climatic conditions, cropping system and cultivation were amalysed. We consider that the essential difference between direct seeding and seedling transplantation exists in growth period, growing process and filling stage. Panicle number type and both panicle and grain number type are more appropriate for yield formation. Continuous cropping should be achieved by the appropriate varieties. Cold tolerance, photosensitivity and tilling potential should be the reference in breeding and variety selection, as well as panicle type with more primary branch number. Four principles should be followed as seeding cultivation management, increasing the seeding rate, improving the early management, enhancing the chemical management and postponing harvest. Some scientific problems have been discussed and summarized in this paper which should be further studied about direct seeding cultivation in north China.

关 键 词：水稻 直播栽培 农艺问题 对策 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S504.8