磷对移栽期低温影响水稻生长发育及产量的调节效应  

Regulating Effects of Phosphate on Growth and Yield Components of Rice under Low Temperature Stress

作　　者：侯立刚[1] 马巍[1] 齐春艳[1] 刘亮[1] 孙洪娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院水稻研究所,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2012年第6期731-735,共5页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部农业科研专项项目(200903003);吉林省现代农业产业技术体系项目(2009-2010);科技部丰粮工程项目(2011BAD16B10)

摘　　要：以强耐冷水稻品种吉粳81和弱耐冷品种长白9为供试材料,通过人工气候模拟低温胁迫,研究磷对低温胁迫下水稻生长发育及产量的影响。研究结果表明:低温影响吉粳81和长白9秧苗的生长,导致最高分蘖时间延迟,分蘖数减少,新叶出叶速度减缓。低温下床土适当增施磷肥,两品种最高分蘖数分别提高19.7%和27.4%,新叶出叶速度分别提高8.55%和10.7%,最高分蘖发生时间分别缩短至2.7d和3.9d,成熟期秆长伸缩率缩短9.15%和10.40%;低温使吉粳81和长白9每穴穗数、每穗实粒数及千粒重下降,其对产量构成因素影响大小依次为:每穗实粒数>每穴穗数>千粒重;综合考虑各因素,强耐冷品种和弱耐冷品种床土最适施磷范围分别为61.69～71.18g.m-2和60.35～68.02g.m-2,可消减延迟性冷害对水稻生育进程的影响。The cold tolerant rice varieties Jijing 81 and Changbai 9 were used to simulate low temperature condition in rice transplanting periods, with different phosphate fertilizer gradients in artificial climate facilities. The growth and yield components of the two rice varieties under low temperature stress were examined. Low temperature in transplanting period could affect the growth of Japonica 81 and Changbai 9 seedlings and lead to the reduction of the maximum number of tillers, delay of the maximum tiller time and slower speed of new leaves growth. However, if appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer was added in the bed soil under low temperature, the maximum number of tillers in creased by 19.7% and 27.4%, new leaves in creased by 8.55% and 10.7%, the maximum tillering time reduced by 2.7d and 3.9d, expansion rate of stalk in maturity was shorten by 9.15 and 10.40%. The low temperature in transplanting period caused output decrease of Jijing 81 and Changbai 9 in many aspects such as panicles per hill, grains per panicle and grain weight, among which the influential order followed as grains per panicle 〉 panicles per hill 〉grain weight. However, after adding phosphate fertilizer in the bed soil, the above factors increased greatly for the two varieties. Based on the yield and other influential factors, the optimal phosphates in bed soil for Jijing 81 and Changbai 9 were 61.69-71.18g.m^-2 and 60.35-68.02g.m^-2 respectively. It could reduce the bad effect on the growing process in rice under low temperature stress.

关 键 词：磷 低温胁迫 水稻 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]