Shortwave Cloud Radiative Forcing on Major Stratus Cloud Regions in AMIP-type Simulations of CMIP3 and CMIP5 Models  

作　　者：张祎 李建 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2]University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [3]State key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration

出　　处：《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》2013年第3期884-907,共24页大气科学进展（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Major National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)on Global Change(Grant No.2010CB951902);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41221064);the Basic Scientific Research and Operation Foundation of CAMS(Grant No.2010Z003)

摘　　要：Cloud and its radiative effects are major sources of uncertainty that lead to simulation discrepancies in climate models. In this study, shortwave cloud radiative forcing （SWCF） over major stratus regions is evaluated for Atmospheric Models Intercomparison Project （AMIP）-type simulations of models involved in the third and fifth phases of the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project （CMIP3 and CMIP5）. Over stratus regions, large deviations in both climatological mean and seasonal cycle of SWCF are found among the models. An ambient field sorted by dynamic （vertical motion） and thermodynamic （inversion strength or stability） regimes is constructed and used to measure the response of SWCF to large-scale controls. In marine boundary layer regions, despite both CMIP3 and CMIP5 models being able to capture well the center and range of occurrence frequency for the ambient field, most of the models fail to simulate the dependence of SWCF on boundary layer inversion and the insensitivity of SWCF to vertical motion. For eastern China, there are large differences even in the simulated ambient fields. Moreover, almost no model can reproduce intense SWCF in rising motion and high stability regimes. It is also found that models with a finer grid resolution have no evident superiority than their lower resolution versions. The uncertainties relating to SWCF in state-of-the-art models may limit their performance in IPCC experiments.Cloud and its radiative effects are major sources of uncertainty that lead to simulation discrepancies in climate models. In this study, shortwave cloud radiative forcing （SWCF） over major stratus regions is evaluated for Atmospheric Models Intercomparison Project （AMIP）-type simulations of models involved in the third and fifth phases of the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project （CMIP3 and CMIP5）. Over stratus regions, large deviations in both climatological mean and seasonal cycle of SWCF are found among the models. An ambient field sorted by dynamic （vertical motion） and thermodynamic （inversion strength or stability） regimes is constructed and used to measure the response of SWCF to large-scale controls. In marine boundary layer regions, despite both CMIP3 and CMIP5 models being able to capture well the center and range of occurrence frequency for the ambient field, most of the models fail to simulate the dependence of SWCF on boundary layer inversion and the insensitivity of SWCF to vertical motion. For eastern China, there are large differences even in the simulated ambient fields. Moreover, almost no model can reproduce intense SWCF in rising motion and high stability regimes. It is also found that models with a finer grid resolution have no evident superiority than their lower resolution versions. The uncertainties relating to SWCF in state-of-the-art models may limit their performance in IPCC experiments.

关 键 词：shortwave cloud radiative forcing CMIP stratus clouds IPCC 

分 类 号：P426.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]