降解地膜在玉米膜下滴灌栽培中的应用研究  

Application Research on Degradable Plastic Film in Drip Irrigation Cultivation of Maize

作　　者：杨迎春[1] 高玉山[2] 孙云云[2] 窦金刚[2] 刘慧涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省水利水电勘测设计研究院,长春130021 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,长春130033

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第2期112-115,共4页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B02);吉林省科技计划项目(20086025)

摘　　要：研究田间滴灌条件下降解地膜的降解性能和水、热效应以及对玉米产量性状的影响。结果表明,降解地膜在玉米生育前期降解速度明显快于中、后期,覆盖150 d降解至5级,质量损失率51.37%;降解地膜具有普通地膜相当的保墒增温作用,且克服了普通地膜在玉米生育中、后期对雨水的阻碍作用,能促进雨水入渗吸收,0～20 cm土壤含水量比普通地膜高1.08%～3.90%,21～40 cm土壤含水量比普通地膜高0.91%～2.13%;6月末地膜裂解后,土壤温度低于普通地膜,避免高温对根系的伤害,有利于玉米根系的生长;降解地膜处理产量比普通地膜低0.34%,差异不显著;比不覆膜(CK)增产17.37%,差异显著。The degradation properties and the effect on soil temperature, soil moisture, and maize yield of degradable plastics film in drip irrigation cultivation were investigated. The results showed that the degradation rate of degradable plastic film in maize earlier growth stage was significantly faster than the later coverage. The mass loss rate of degradable plastic film reached 51.37% after 150 days. Degradable plastic film had an equivalent role in retaining soil moisture and increasing the temperature to common plastic film. Degradable plastic film can overcome the hindering effect on rainwater and promote the absorptive capacity in the later coverage. The soil moisture of degradation plastics film was increased from 1.08% to 3.90% compared to common plastic film in the 0-20 cm soil layers and increased from 0.91% to 2.13% in the 21-40 cm soil layers. The soil temperature was lower than the common plastic film in the end of June to avoid the damage of the high temperature of the root. It was also being favorable to corn root system development. The yield of degradation plastics film was decreased 0.34% compared to common plastic film, no obvious difference. The yield of degradation plastics film was increased 17.37% compared to the control, the difference was significant.

关 键 词：降解地膜 降解速度 土壤温度 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S513.04[农业科学—作物学]