实习护士职业暴露调查分析及对策  

Investigation of occupational exposures of probationer nurses and countermeasures

作　　者：卢爱金[1] 应莲琴[1] 陈光[1] 陈彩云[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省台州医院科教部,浙江临海317000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2013年第8期1874-1876,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的了解实习护士职业暴露、危险因素及防护知识的掌握,制定职业暴露的防护措施,提高实习护士的防护意识和职业安全性。方法自行设计调查表,对医院125名实习护士采用回顾性调查问卷形式。结果 125名实习护士总暴露率为45.60%,在实习第3～4个月期间最高,占40.35%;已知有血液性传染源者暴露率占42.11%,不知有无血液性传染源者暴露率占22.81%;明确有血液性传染源的现场正确处理率、按流程上报率、采取防护率分别为35.09%、26.32%、35.09%,未知血液性传染源分别为15.79%、0、0,无血液性传染源者分别为14.04%、0、0,有血液性传染源者均高于无血液性传染源者及未知血液性传染源者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强实习护士在实习阶段监管和带教老师的素质养成,强化实习护士对职业暴露防护知识教育,规范操作程序,提高师生职业暴露防护意识,有效降低或避免实习护士被职业暴露的伤害。OBJECTIVE To understand the risk factors for occupational exposures and the protective knowledge ot the probationer nurses and formulate the protection measures for occupational exposures so as to improve the protection awareness and the occupational safety of the probationer nurses. METHODS A total of 125 probationer nurses in the hospital were surveyed with self-designed questionnaire. RESULTS Of 125 probationer nurses investigated, the total exposure rate was 45.60%, and 18. 40% of the total exposures occurred during the third and forth month of practice session. The patients exposed to the blood accounted for 42.11%, while the patients exposed to unknown source exposure accounted for 22.81%. The onsite correct treatment rate, the report rate in accordance with procedures, and implementation rate of prevention measures were respectively 35.09 G, 26.32%, and 35.09% for the identified blood-borne source, while they were 15.79%, 0 and 0 for the unknown blood-borne sources, and were 14.04 %, 0 and 0 for the patients without being exposed to blood-borne sources. The incidence of the occupational exposure was higher in the patients with blood-borne infection sources than both the patients without blood-borne infection sources and the patients with unknown blood-borne infection sources, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION Only by enhancing the supervision of probationer nurses in the practice phase and quality of the teachers , strengthening the education of occupational exposure protection, standardizing operating procedures, improving the protective consciousness of occupational exposure protection of the teachers and students can we effectively reduce or avoid the hazards of the occupational exposures of the probationer nurses.

关 键 词：职业暴露 实习护士 防护知识 

分 类 号：R197.323[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]