试论狄尔泰“历史理性批判”的成就与失败  

On Dilthey's' Critique of Historical Reason':Achievements and Failures

作　　者：谢寅曦[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学系2011级,210093

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2013年第2期31-40,158-159,共10页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：狄尔泰从他的《精神科学引论》到《历史世界的建构》形成了一个历史哲学的"体系"。他以"生命单元"、"体验"、"理解"、"表达"等概念组成了一个互动性的关联的系统,把"生命"作为史学理论的起点,依靠精神科学试图使历史作为科学成为可能。本文在思想史背景中,指出他在实证科学和纯粹逻辑之间,选择了心理学作为精神科学认识论和方法论基础,并引入互动性关联系统,丰富了历史哲学的内容。然而把精神科学认识论限制在经验范围内会导致完全的主观性,因此不应把心理学作为历史哲学的基础。Dilthey built his historical philosophy'system'from Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschafien to Der Aufbau der geschichtlichen Welt in den Geisteswissenschafien,with the'Critique of Historical Reason'as the finishing point.Taking'life'as the starting point,he created an interactive connective system based on the concepts of'life unit','experience','understanding','expression'etc.,making history as a branch of science possible.By means of disserting Dilthey's thoughts in the context of intellectual history,this paper indicates that Dilthey managed to take/r/npsychology as the foundation of epistemology and methodology in human science(Geisteswissenschaften) by choosing the route between empirical science and purely logic,and enriched the content of historical philosophy by introducing interactive connective system.Meanwhile,in historical philosophy established on the principles of psychology,'Individuality'cannot assure objectivity and the concept of'Value'falls into relativism.The reason is the total subjectivity of human science,which is caused by confining epistemology to pure experience.Therefore psychology ought not to be established as the basis of historical philosophy./r/n

关 键 词：狄尔泰 历史理性 历史哲学 

分 类 号：K01[历史地理—历史学]