秸秆覆盖免耕条件下中小型土壤动物的生态分布特征  

Ecological Distribution of Middle-small-size Soil Faunas under Conservation Tillage and Straw Mulch Conditions

作　　者：杨佩[1] 王海霞[1,2] 岳佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,吉林四平136000 [2]东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院,长春130024

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第2期145-150,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

摘　　要：分别于2011年5月、7月和9月,通过设置免耕农田不同的玉米秸秆覆盖率,调查了中小型土壤动物的生态分布特征。采用Tullgren法分离中小型土壤动物,室内显微镜下鉴定。结果表明:共获得中小型土壤动物6 814只。其中优势类群:甲螨(Oribatida)和辐螨(Actinedida),占总个体数的77.71%。土壤动物集中分布在0—10cm土层,占总个体数的76%,表聚性明显。Margalef物种丰富度指数(R)指数显示,R(全秸秆覆盖+免耕)3.10>R(50%秸秆覆盖+免耕)2.96>R(普通玉米田)2.18,说明全玉米秸秆覆盖免耕的农田中小型土壤动物类群多样性最高,个体数量最多。50%秸秆覆盖和全秸秆覆盖处理下中小型土壤动物的丰富度均高于普通玉米田。全秸秆覆盖免耕条件下螨类的数量是2 680只,是普通玉米田螨类数量的1.32倍。在50%秸秆覆盖+免耕、全秸秆覆盖+免耕和普通玉米田这3种不同秸秆覆盖率和土壤环境下,中小型土壤动物的季节分布差异明显。全秸秆覆盖与普通玉米田相比,能提供更丰富的生存条件,有效提高了中小型土壤动物的生物多样性。In May, July and September, 2011, the characteristics of the ecological distribution of small and medium-sized soil faunas was investigated by setting the no-tillage farmland of corn stover coverage. Small and medium-sized soil faunas were separated by using the Tullgren method. The results showed that a total of 6 814 small and medium-sized soil faunas under an indoor microscope were identified. The dominant group includes oribatida and actinedida, occupying 77.1%. Soil faunas were concentrated in 0--10 cm soil layer, occupying 76%o of the individuals, with the apparent surface gathering character. The results showed that the Margalef species richness index （R） sequence followed the order of 3.10 （full straw cover＋straw mulch）〈2.96（50% straw cover＋straw mulch）〉2.18 （ordinary cornfield）, indicating that the small and medium- sized soil fauna diversity in farmland with full corn straw mulch was high and the number of individuals was maximal. 50% of the straw mulch and straw mulch richness of small and medium-sized soil faunas were high- er than the ordinary corn field. The number of mites under the no-tillage conditions with full straw cover the was 2 680, which was 1.32 times of the number of mites in the ordinary cornfield. The seasonal distribution of soil meso was obvious differences under the different straw mulching levels and soil environment. Com- pared with the ordinary corn field, whole straw mulch provided a richer living conditions to improve small and medium-sized soil faunal biodiversity.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 免耕 中小型土壤动物 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]