不同种类抗蒸腾叶面肥对山杏水分利用效率的影响  

Impact of Types of Anti-transpirant Foliar Fertilizer on the Water Use Efficiency of Prunus armeniaca

作　　者：吴凤[1] 郭建斌[1] 李志洪[1] 吴玉晴[1] 白晓敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持与荒漠化防治教育重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第2期156-159,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑专题“困难立地工程造林新材料、新产品及应用技术”(2006BAD03A0301)

摘　　要：研究抗蒸腾叶面肥对苗木水分利用效率的调节作用,可为提高苗木成活率提供参考。采用盆栽法试验,在充分供水的条件下,用不同叶面肥对山杏进行处理,对山杏苗木叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)等水分生理指标及其相应的环境因子进行测定。结果表明:不同叶面肥处理下,山杏的净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化都呈双峰曲线,且净光合速率日变化曲线存在光合午休现象。山杏的水分利用效率在8:00左右达到最大值,10:00—16:00出现一个低谷,期间基本保持稳定,16:00后逐渐增大。自制叶面肥A处理过的山杏水分利用效率最高,清水对照的山杏水分利用效率最低。自制叶面肥A对提高山杏水分利用效率效果最明显,在干旱地区,为了提高苗木水分利用效率,提高苗木栽植的成活率,可以选择喷施自制A种的抗蒸腾叶面肥。喷施抗蒸腾叶面肥不仅能提供植物生长所需养分,而且还能抑制植物蒸腾作用,提高植物水分利用效率,在一定程度上提高植物的生存能力。Resistance control action about anti-transpiration foliar fertilization to the water use efficiency （WUE） were studied in order to enhance the plant survival. By using the pot method, the tests were conducted to Prunus armenia- ca L. with different foliar fertilizers under conditions of sufficient water supply. The net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr） of Prunus armeniaca L and their environmental factors were measured so as to get the water use efficiency （WUE） indicators by Pn/Tr. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and transpiration rate （Tr） had two peaks at respectively during the daylightunder the treatments of different fo- liar fertilizer density with midday depression phenomenon. WUE＇ maximum presented at 8：00 and the WUE got a trough from 10.00 to 16.00, and the period remained stable, after 16.00, it gradually increased. It showed that WUE reached the highest while WUE of comparison was the minimum when used the A of foliar fertilization. The final study results showed that best formulation was type A, so under the arid conditions, we can choose to spray type A of foliar fertilization on leaf surface to improve plant water use efficiency （WUE）, and improve survival rate of stock. Spraying the anti-transpiration foliar fertilization on leaf surface can not only provide the necessary nutrients required for plant growth, but also inhibit plant transpiration, improve plant water use efficiency （WUE）, and improve the survivability of plants to some extent.

关 键 词：抗蒸腾剂 叶面肥 山杏 光合速率 蒸腾速率 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S145[农业科学—肥料学]