晋西北低效柠条林老龄复壮技术及能源化利用  

Research for Stumping Technology and Utilization for Energy of Inefficient Caragana microphylla Lam Forest in Northwestern Shanxi Province

作　　者：张瑜[1] 郑士光 贾黎明[1] 谢秀丽[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中铁建工集团西北分公司,西安710119 [3]河北省唐山市丰润区林业局,河北唐山064000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第2期160-164,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：高等学校科技创新工程重大项目培育资金项目"灌木能源林树种选育与高效培育技术研究"(706007);国家"十一五"科技支撑项目"能源林培育技术"(2006BAD18B01)

摘　　要：柠条是西北地区水土保持、防风固沙造林中的重要灌木树种,同时也具燃料、饲料等多种功能,但存在随林龄增加生长衰退、效益下降等问题。以晋西北偏关县30a生老龄柠条林为研究对象,对其平茬后生长1～5a各生长指标、生物量及热值进行了对比;对3种立地条件(阴缓坡、阳缓坡、梁峁顶)下不同平茬方式(留茬高度、覆土与不覆土、带状与块状)进行了对比,研究形成柠条能源林的合理平茬技术。结果表明:(1)平茬5a后各生长指标:株高、地径、分支数分别比CK(35a老龄林)提高了20.96%,10.03%,104.82%;单丛生物量最大达到2.89kg/丛,比对照提高了25.65%;林分的总生物量达到10 110～11 560kg/hm2,比对照高出25.51%～156.70%;生物量年均增长量达到2 022～2 312kg/(hm2.a),较对照提高了7.8倍。(2)对3种立地条件下,5种平茬高度(2,5,10,15,20cm)进行处理,留茬5cm单丛生物量最大,且与其它处理差异显著;覆土与不覆土处理、带状与块状处理间无显著差异。建议对我国西北地区大面积柠条林进行合理平茬及能源化利用,特别是对退化老龄柠条林更需要进行平茬复壮(平茬周期至少需要5a,留茬高度控制在5cm左右)。Caragana microphylla Lain, an shrub species, is very important to soil and water conservation, and sand-fixing afforestation. It also could be used as fuel and fodder. However, when stand age increases, some problems exist, such as the decrease of growth and benefit and so on. The 30 year-old plantation of Ca- ragana rnicrophylla in Pianguan, a county located in northwestern Shanxi Province, was selected as the study case. Through the comparison of growth index, biomass, and calorific value between 1-5 years＇ growth after stumping; And the comparison between three habitats（the mild of shady slope, mild of sunny slope and beam hilly top） with three stumping methods （the height of stubble, covering soil or not, ribbon or massive stumping） the study aims to find a reasonable stumping technique to sustain the fuel type Caragana microphylla Lam. The results indicated, （1） five years later after stumping, plant height, basal diameter and number of branches were higher than CK by 20. 96%, 10. 03% and 104. 82%, single clump biomass reached to 2.89 kg/clump at most which was higher than the control stand by 25.65%, the total biomass per hectare of the stand reaches to 10 110-11 560 kg/hm2 which was higher than the control stand by 25.51%, the average annual biomass growth reached to 2 022-2 312 kg/（hm2·a） which was 7.8 times bigger than the control stand; （2） five stumping heights（2, 5, 10, 15, 20 cm） were used for treating three habitats,when stubble was 5 cm high, single cluster biomass reached to the highest level; s for oil covering and zonal or massive stumping, single cluster biomass difference was not significant. According to the results obtained above, stumping can be effective in promoting aged Caragana microphylla Lain forest rejuvenation. We sug- gest that reasonable level of stump management for the large area of aged Caragana microphylla Lam forest rejuvenation in northwestern China is the better way to orm a fuel style aging Caragana rnicrophylla Lam forest. Especially for the deg

关 键 词：柠条 能源林 平茬技术 老林复壮 

分 类 号：S793.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]