核子(强子)结构和性质的QCD研究  

QCD Study of Nucleon's(Hadron's) Structure and Property

作　　者：何汉新[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院 [2]中国科学院理论物理研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《原子核物理评论》2000年第1期22-29,共8页Nuclear Physics Review

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金资助项目!( 1983 5 0 10 );国家自然科学基金资助项目!( 19775 0 68)&&

摘　　要：核子 (强子 )是夸克、胶子的束缚态 ,由量子色动力学 QCD描述。由于 QCD的基本特性(高能标度下的渐近自由、低能标度下色禁闭及动力学手征对称性破缺 ) ,对核子 (强子 )结构和性质的 QCD图象是标度相关的 .在高能标度下描述强子的是与探测强子结构的硬过程相联系的QCD部分子模型 .强子的夸克、胶子结构信息通过 QCD部分子求和规则得到 .QCD微扰论是适用的理论 .在低能标度时 ,必须发展 QCD非微扰途径来描述核子 (强子 )物理 .这里简要地讨论各种非微扰途径 (格点 QCD、Dyson- Schwinger方程、有效场论、QCD求和规则 )的某些结果和进展 ,并指出 QCD真空结构在描述低能标度下强子物理中担任重要角色 .The nucleon (hadron) is the bound state of guarks and gluons, which is described by the quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Due to the basic properties of QCD (the asymptotic freedom at the high energy scale, the color confinement and the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking at the low energy scale), the QCD picture for the nucleon’s (hadron’s) structure and property is scale dependent. At high energy scale, the QCD parton model, which is relative to the hard process for testing the hadron structure, is used to describe the hadron. The information about hadron’s structure and property can be extracted through the QCD parton sum rules. QCD perturbation theory is suitable and powerful at high energy scale. At low energy scale, QCD nonperturbative approach must be developed to be used to describe the nucleon (hadron). Here we briefly discuss some results and progresses of various nonperturbative approaches (lattice QCD, Dyson Schwinger equation, the effective field theory, QCD sum rules), and point out that QCD vacuum structure plays an important role in describing hadron physics at low energy scale.

关 键 词：量子色动力学 核子 强子 部分子模型 非微扰途径 

分 类 号：O572.34[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]