参与式决策、可持续发展和创造幸福生活的不丹经验  

Participatory Decision-making, Sustainable Development and Pursuing Happiness: Bhutanian Experiences

作　　者：李万新[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港城市大学公共及社会行政学系

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2013年第1期75-90,169-170,共16页Journal of Public Administration

摘　　要：可持续发展和幸福生活最终由实践成就。不丹治理的最大成功在于实现了治国方略与民众个人对幸福生活的愿景和期待的有机结合:尊重不丹人的传统价值观和传统文化中对幸福生活和可持续发展的态度、确立和实践可持续发展的社会规范、并以参与式决策令民众对个人意见和行为会对发展决策产生实际影响建立稳定的预期。公众参与发展决策和建设的制度安排给予政府和公众双方相互传递信息、表达偏好和诉求、互动并相互影响的机会,更有利于就有争议的问题达成共识、传承不丹的传统文化和主流价值观,或者在民众支持的前提下求新求变。因此,不丹激励和保护个人环境友好行为和追求幸福生活的努力,更系统性地将其转化为国家的社会、经济、环境、文化的传承和持续进步,实现可持续发展和国民幸福的生活。Whether a society can achieve sustainable development and happiness is determined by the actual practices of individuals and institutions. Bhutan joined the club of high ranking countries on the Happiness Index with a per capita GDP of less than $ 3 ,000 . The national policies respect the Bhutanian traditional values and cultures held dear by the Bhutan people. The social norms and the internalized,personal norms value nature conservation and sustainable development. And the gradually broadening channels of public participation in development decision-making effectively enrich the information base of government decision-making. Thus,reflecting individual pursuit of happiness in national policies causes individual preferences and societal development goals to become mutually reinforcing. The Bhutanian government can thus effectively preserve traditional values and cultures and build consensus on sustainable development agendas. Bhutan offers valuable insight into aligning individual values and beliefs, individual behaviors, and national policies and translating into concrete results sustainable development and happiness.

关 键 词：计划行为理论参与式决策 可持续发展 幸福生活 不丹 

分 类 号：D735.7[政治法律—政治学]