自动站土壤水分资料质量控制方案的研制  

Quality control schemes for hourly soil moisture from automatic weather stations in China

作　　者：张志富[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气象信息中心,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2013年第1期101-108,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家气象信息中心青年基金;国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2010CB951600);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106038);国气象局气象新技术推广项目(CMATG2008Z12);中国气象局基建项目"全国自动站实时资料质量控制与综合评估系统建设"共同资助

摘　　要：在已有的人工观测和自动观测土壤水分资料基础上,统计分析土壤水分不同层次四要素(土壤体积含水量、土壤重量含水率、土壤相对湿度、土壤有效水分贮存量)的分布特点,根据四要素相应小时资料的特点,依据土壤水分自动站观测原理和方法,研制了适用于自动站土壤水分小时数据的质量控制方案。将该质量控制方案应用到全国自动站土壤水分观测小时资料中,通过质量评估结果的分析发现,土壤水分自动站小时资料的质量控制方案具有很好的适用性,各个要素各月的可用率均超过90%,平均可用率在97%以上。Soil moisture is one of soil components,it is important to the dissolution,transferring and absorbing of soil nutrition,in the meantime,it is the water source of vegetation and connected with vegetation physiological activity.China is an agricultural country;the application of soil moisture data is very significant for serving agriculture and disaster prevention and reduction.For these reasons,many hourly soil moisture Automatic Weather Stations（AWS） has been operated in China from 2010,in the present,the number of stations reaches more than 1 300.In order to assuring these data to be adequately used,the paper studies the quality control schemes for hourly soil moisture AWSs in China.Firstly,based on the ten days’soil moisture from human observation data in 1981-2007 and hourly soil moisture from AWSs in 2010-2011,the paper analyzes the distributing characters of soil moisture four factors（including soil volumetric water content;soil gravimetric water content rates;soil relative humidity;available soil moisture） in each layer,founding that,the observation values and differences between each neighbor layers of soil moisture four factors are vertically divided into two parts,the dividing line of available soil moisture is 40 cm,and the other three factors is 50 cm.The observation values and differences between each neighbor layers are larger in the low parts,and it is very small in the deep parts;the hourly change of soil moisture is also vertically divided into two parts,the dividing line of four factors is all 40 cm,the hourly change is larger in the low layers（up 40 cm）,mainly influenced by the precipitation or irrigation,and it is very stable in the deep layers（down 40 cm）.Secondly,according to these characteristics and instrument measurement of soil moisture AWSs,the paper designs quality control schemes,including four checks,missing data check,climatic extreme value check,the vertical consistency check and the temporal consistency check,and develops the parameters for soil moisture four fact

关 键 词：土壤水分 质量控制 质量评估 自动站 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]