一种近地表异常区的静校正方法及应用效果  

Static Correction Method for Near-Surface Abnormal Zone and Its Application Results

作　　者：白旭明 崔宏良 王瑞贞 叶秋焱 张学银 

机构地区：[1]中国石油东方地球物理公司华北物探处,河北省任丘市062552 [2]中国石油华北油田公司,河北省任丘市062552

出　　处：《中国石油勘探》2013年第1期35-38,共4页China Petroleum Exploration

摘　　要：在地震勘探中,模型法、折射法、层析法等是目前常用的基准面静校正方法。对各种静校正方法的基本原理与适用条件归纳分析发现,它们都以地表一致性和地震反射垂直穿过近地表地层为前提,然而,在复杂地质条件下,尤其在长波长静校正存在的地区,不能满足地表一致性假设。实际上,近地表存在速度异常区时,地震波则很少垂直传播,静校正量与射线穿过近地表的距离和速度密切相关,在反射地震勘探中,远近偏移距的反射波穿过近地表时会产生不同的静校正量,利用这一点将目的层的异常作为近地表异常的判别准则,可以解决表层异常区的长波长静校正问题。对这一方法进行了论述,应用生产后较好地解决了因近地表异常造成的静校正问题。Model method, reflection method and tomographic method are common datum static correction methods at the present time. Summarization and analysis of the fundamental principles of various static correction methods and applicable conditions indicate the precondition that all of them are based on the surface consistency and vertical penetration of near surface by seismic reflection. However, under the complicated geological conditions, particularly in the region where static correction of long wavelength exists, it is difficult to meet the assumption of surface consistency. In fact, when the abnormal zone of velocity exists, seismic waves seldom propagate vertically. The distance for the statics and rays to go through near surface is closely related to the velocity. In reflection seismic exploration, far and near offset reflection waves can generate different statics at the time of penetrating near surface. If this phenomenon is used as a principle for to judge the abnormality of target formation as the abnormality of near surface, the problem of long wavelength static correction in the abnormal zone of surface can be solved. This article elaborates on this method, which has desirably solved the static correction problem caused by the near surface abnormality since it was used for production.

关 键 词：共偏移距叠加 近地表异常 长波长静校正 反射时间差 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]