将核电站反应堆置于地下的设想  

Place the reactor of nuclear power plant underground

作　　者：陆佑楣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团公司,北京100038

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2013年第4期41-45,共5页Strategic Study of CAE

摘　　要：由日本福岛核电站核泄漏事故设想，如果把核电站的反应堆置于山体内（即地下），当核泄漏发生，可将其封闭在地下洞室内，从而防止核泄漏扩散。当今水电站的厂房大部分置于地下，地下发电厂房在长期的建设实践中积累了丰富的地下工程施工经验，在技术上具有完全的可操作性；水电站地下厂房单位体积土建工程造价约600～1500元／m^3，经济上具有合理性；圆筒形的核岛（安全壳）体形可有效降低围岩应力，岩体结构具有安全性；地下厂房具有远优于地面厂房的抗震性；地下核电站在选址上还占有优势，可节约农耕用地，减少对居民生活的影响。通过成熟的工程处理措施，地下核电站的密闭性、冷却水、地下水污染等问题均可得到妥善处理。更进一步地设想，可把水电站与核电站组合在一起，从而形成强大的、无排放的清洁电源。综合我国未来的能源需求以及当前核电发展的困境，地下核电站则是一个可取的选择。Because of Fukushima nuclear power plant＇ s power outage, cirulation pump stop working, re- actor melted, the nuclear leakage accident happened.Rock mass and reinforced concrete have nice radiation resis- tance, if we place the reactor of nuclear power plant underground, when nuclear leakage accident happen, we can close it in the cacern to avoid the nuclear leakage spreading.Nowadays, many hydropower plants make their hous- es underground.Underground hydro-electric station＇s construction technology has been debeloping considerably in recent years, so place the reactor of nuclear power plant underground is feasible at the technical level; the cost of underground hydro-electric station is 600-1 500￥/m3, which is economy;Cylindrical body form of nuclear is- land can reduce surrounding rock stress effectively, which can make nuclear island safely; Powerhouse under- ground has much more earthquake-resistant than that on the ground;When selecting locations, underground nu- clear power plant has more superiority in econommical use of land and avoiding affecting the lives of the resi- dents.By ways of engineering measures, the problems of tightness, cooling water, groundwater pollution can be dealed effectivly. Further envisaged, we can constitute hydropower plant and nuclear power plant together, which is powerful and no emission power supply.By the energy demand and nuclear power plant＇ s plight of China, underground nuclear power plant is a desirable choice.

关 键 词：地下核电站 反应堆 水电站 地下厂房 核泄漏 抗辐射 防扩散 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]