陕西省四区（县）城乡居民灾害事件应急准备现状及影响因素  

Status of household disaster preparedness and affecting factors among the general public of fourcounties in Shaanxi

作　　者：宁艳[1] 陶茂萱[1] 胡俊峰[1] 李雨波[1] 程玉兰[1] 张刚[1] 胡桃[1] 李莉[1] 柴燕[1] 南海涛 赵红旗 王俊杰 

机构地区：[1]中国健康教育中心卫生部新闻宣传中心,北京100011 [2]陕西省健康教育所

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2013年第4期347-351,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解陕西省4个区（县）居民的灾害事件应急准备现状及影响因素。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法，于2008年9-10月对陕西省西安市新城区、汉中市汉台区、渭南市富平县、安康市旬阳县的城乡居民进行抽样调查。通过对18-88岁的1945名调查对象进行问卷调查，了解调查对象对灾害事件的经历与预期、备灾知识、备灾行为和应急物资储备情况，用logistic回归分析家庭应急物资储备情况的影响因素。结果1945名调查对象的年龄为（43．55±12．76）岁。7．12％（138／1939）的调查对象从未经历过灾害事件。调查对象认为当地最有可能发生的两种灾害事件为地震和火灾（57．35％，1175／2049；19．81％，406／2049）。调查对象对家庭应急准备4项内容（了解可能发生的灾害、制订家庭逃生计划、准备逃生物品、进行逃生演练）的总知晓率为51．43％（989／1923），23．41％（454／1939）的调查对象经常与家人讨论如何应对灾害事件，9．27％（179／1932）的调查对象进行过逃生演练。有11．42％（221／1935）的调查对象家庭有逃生包，仅有3．77％（73／1938）的家庭有灭火器。城市居民、大专及以上文化程度者、经常与家人讨论如何应对灾害事件者、进行过逃生演练的家庭应急物资储备率分别为23．64％（230／973）、30．56％（55／180）、31．19％（141／452）、54．49％（97／178）。初中、高中或中专、大专及以上文化程度者储备应急物资的可能性分别为文盲或半文盲者的5．02倍（95％CI：1．12-22．42）、5．74倍（95％CI：1．27-26．04）和6．84倍（95％CI：1．44-32．39）；城市居民储备应急物资的可能性高于农村居民（OR=4．38，95％CI：2．74-7．00）；与从不讨论者相比，经常与家人讨论者储备应急物资的可能性更高（OR=4．99，95％CI：2．52-9．91）；进行过逃生演练者储备应急�Objective To investigate the status of household disaster preparedness in 4 counties of Shaanxi province and explore the affecting factors. Methods During the period from September to October in 2008, multi-stage sampling was used to select subjects from urban and rural residents in Xincheng district, Hantai district, Fuping county and Xunyang county of Shaanxi province. Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1945 subjects aged 18 -88 years to investigate their experience and expectation of disaster events, preparedness knowledge, activities and emergency supplies. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing household disaster preparedness. Results The average age of the 1945 subjects was （43.55 ＋12. 76） years old. A total of 7. 12% （138/1939） of respondents never experienced disaster. Earthquake and fire （ 57.35 % （ 1175/2049 ） , 19.81% （406/2049）, respectively） were rated as the two disasters most likely to occur. The awareness rate of knowledge about household disaster preparedness was 51.43% （989/1923） , and 23.41% （454/1939） discussed how to prepare for disaster with their family, only 9.27% （179/1932） attended evacuation drill. The rates of preparing household emergency supplies were 23.64% （ 230/973 ） , 30. 56% （55/180）, 31.19% （141/452） and 54. 49% （97/178） for urban residents, subjects with junior college or above education, subjects having frequent family discussions of disaster preparedness and subjects participating in emergency rescue drills, respectively. For subjects with junior high school, senior high school and junior college or higher education, the likelihood of preparing household emergency supplies was 5.02 （95% CI： 1.12 - 22. 42） ,5.74 （ 95 % CI： 1.27 - 26.04 ） and 6. 84 （ 95 % CI： 1.44 - 32. 39 ） times as that of illiterate, respectively. Urban residents, subjects who often discussed disaster preparedness with their family, and who participated in emergency rescue drills were more likely to prepare em

关 键 词：灾害 应急准备 影响因素 

分 类 号：X[环境科学与工程] D6[政治法律—政治学]