黄土区石油污染对土壤及豆科灌草植物的潜在影响  

Potential Influences of Petroleum Pollution on Soil and Legume Shrubs and Grasses in the Loess Area

作　　者：时腾飞[1] 刘增文[1,2] 田楠[3] 李俊[1] 陈昕[1] 王国保[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《草地学报》2013年第2期295-301,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070630)资助

摘　　要：以不同程度石油污染的土壤进行盆栽试验,研究黄土区石油污染对土壤和豆科灌草种子发芽和幼苗生长的潜在影响,由此确定适宜的修复物种。结果表明:石油污染对土壤细菌和真菌呈非单调抑制、对放线菌呈单调抑制作用;对土壤过氧化氢酶活性影响不明显,对脲酶、多酚氧化酶和蛋白酶活性呈单调抑制作用,对蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性呈单调促进作用;可使得土壤向偏碱性发展,对有机碳含量呈单调提升作用,对氮、磷和钾的有效性均呈单调抑制作用。在无污染情况下,毛苕子(Vicia villosa)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)属极易发芽种子,紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)和草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)属较易发芽种子,胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)和沙打旺(As-tragalus adsurgens)属较难发芽种子,而小冠花(Coronilla varia)、柠条(Caragana microphylla)和红豆草(Onobry-chis viciaefolia)属极难发芽种子;其中,胡枝子、毛苕子、紫穗槐、紫花苜蓿和沙打旺属于旺盛生长灌草类型。受到石油污染后,对柠条、小冠花和红豆草种子发芽率影响不显著或有所促进,其余灌草种子均受到抑制,对所有灌草幼苗的生物量均表现出明显的抑制作用。从油污土壤修复的角度考虑,柠条、紫穗槐、毛苕子和紫花苜蓿较适宜播种发芽且后期生长良好,红豆草、小冠花、沙打旺较适宜播种发芽但后期生长不良,草木樨和胡枝子既不适宜播种发芽且后期生长不良。Pot culture experiments by planting different legume shrubs and grasses in petroleum contaminated soil were carried out to study the potential influences of petroleum pollution on soil properties,seed germinations and seedling growths of legume shrubs and grasses in the Loess area to determine appropriate repair species.Results indicated that petroleum pollution had non-monotonic inhibition on soil bacteria and fungi,and had monotonic inhibition on soil actinomycetes.Except catalase,petroleum pollution showed monotonic inhibitions on urease,polyphenol oxidase and protease activities and had monotonic promotion on invertase,phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities.Petroleum pollution could make alkaline soil,and increase organic C content,while showed monotonic inhibitions on the availabilities of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.For pollution-free seeds,Vicia villosa and Medicago sativa were the easiest germination,Amorpha fruticosa and Melilotus officinalis were easier germination,Lespedeza bicolor and Astragalus adsurgens were difficultly germination,Coronilla varia,Caragana microphylla and Onobrychis viciaefolia were extremely difficult germination.L.bicolor,V.villosa,A.fruticosa,M.sativa and A.adsurgens were vigorous growth species.However,after petroleum pollution,the seed germinations of most tested species were inhibited,and all plant biomasses were decreased significantly,but the seed germinations of C.microphylla,C.varia and O.viciaefolia were not obviously affected.All results suggested that C.microphylla,A.fruticosa,V.villosa,and M.sativa were more appropriate for seeding and had well-growth.O.viciaefolia,C.varia,and A.adsurgens were appropriate for seeding but had poor-growth.M.officinalis and L.bicolor neither were appropriate for seeding nor had well-growth.

关 键 词：黄土区 石油污染 豆科灌草 土壤修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S330.2[农业科学—作物遗传育种]