沙漠化对科尔沁沙质草地大型土壤节肢动物群落时空变化的影响  

Effects of Desertification on Temporal and Spatial Change of Soil Macro-arthropod Community in Horqin Sandy Grassland

作　　者：赵哈林[1] 刘任涛[2] 赵学勇[1] 张铜会[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]宁夏大学,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《草地学报》2013年第2期394-400,405,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2011BAC07B02-06);国家自然科学基金项目(30972422)(31270752);国家九七三项目(2009CB421303)资助

摘　　要：为揭示草地沙漠化对土壤大型节肢动物群落时空变化的影响,在2008-2009年春、夏、秋3个季节采用空间-时间转换的方法分层调查了科尔沁沙漠化草地0～30cm土壤节肢动物群落的类群丰富度、密度和优势类群的变化。结果表明:草地沙漠化导致土壤节肢动物类群丰富度和密度明显下降,下降幅度为夏季>春季>秋季,且以轻度和严重沙漠化阶段下降最为显著;草地沙漠化过程中,土壤节肢动物群落的季节变化模式和土壤剖面中的垂直分布模式也发生明显改变,其中季节变化模式由夏季最高、春季>秋季逐步转变为夏季最低、秋季>春季,土壤剖面中土壤动物的分布模式由从上层向下层递减逐步演变为上层下层相近,中间层最低;草地沙漠化还导致土壤动物群落优势类群的不断更替,其演替速率是夏季大于秋季和春季,中层土壤大于上层和下层土壤。草地沙漠化过程中,土壤节肢动物群落的变化主要受制于植被退化和土壤环境恶化的影响,特别是植被盖度、凋落物量、土壤有机碳和养分含量的降低。Group richness and individual density of soil macro-arthropod were investigated in the spring,summer and autumn of 2008-2009 in Horqin Sand Land to understand effects of desertification on temporal and spatial change of soil macro-arthropod community.Results showed that desertification significantly decreased the group richness and individual density of soil arthropod community and decreased magnitudes were ordered as summerspringautumn.Desertification also resulted in significant changes of temporal and spatial distribution pattern of soil arthropod community.Season distribution patterns of richness and density were changed from summerspringautumn to and autumnspringsummer.Spatial distribution patterns of richness and density in soil profile were changed from the highest in 0~10 cm soil and the lowest in 20~30 cm soil layers into the lowest in 10~20 cm soil and the similar between 0~10 and 20~30 cm soil.The dominant group was gradually replaced with development of desertification,the succession rates was summerautumn and spring,and 10~20 cm soil 0~10 cm and 20~30 cm soil layers.Changes of soil fauna community were mainly controlled by the degradation of vegetation and the deterioration of soil environments during desertification process,especially the decreases of vegetation coverage,litter yield,soil organic carbon and nutrient contents.

关 键 词：草地沙漠化 土壤节肢动物 类群丰富度 个体密度 时空变化 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]