发现理论还是验证理论——现代科学视域下历史研究的困境及出路  

To Discover Theory or to Testify Theory ——The Plight and Outlet of Historical Research in the Horizon of Modern Science

作　　者：邓曦泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学政治学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《学术月刊》2013年第4期140-147,共8页Academic Monthly

基　　金：四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目(skqx201101);四川大学国家"985工程""社会矛盾与社会管理研究"创新基地资助

摘　　要：人类最重要的活动是知识生产,越能生产有效知识的学科越重要、越繁荣。在古代,历史学的主要方法有二:一是大量记录事件,这些事件构成丰富样本;二是使用归纳法对样本进行归纳,发现一些规律。这意味着,历史学作为一种经验归纳的知识生产方式,具有进行有效理论建构的功能,并成为古代最重要的知识生产方式,由此导致历史学颇为繁荣。但是,现代科学诞生以来,它以更强大的知识生产功能使历史学、哲学等传统学科相形见绌,历史学也因此沦为验证现成理论的案例和注脚,价值日益降低。而未来的历史学要想在一定程度上重新焕发生产知识、发现理论的生命力,除了要把历史学改进为问题式历史研究,把文献史改进为问题史之外,还需引入现代科学研究方法,使之接近现代科学。The most significant activity of human being is knowledge production. It means, the more effective knowledge a subject can produce, the more important and prosperous it is. In ancient times, there are primarily two historical methods： one is recording facts in large amount to constitute abundant samples; the other is induction, i. e. , making a conclusion according to the samples and finding out some regular patterns. This implies that as a way of producing knowledge through inducting experience, history has function of constructing theory effectively, and in ancient times it acted as the most significant way of knowledge production and was quite prosperous as well. However, owing to the much stronger ability of knowledge yielding, modern science outshines traditional subjects, such as history and philosophy, as a result, they fade out. History, however, descends to a case or footnote to verify the existing theory, and becomes increasingly less valuable. But if history is modified to be problematic historical research, history of literature is mended to be the history of problems, and modern scientific methodology is added, history will newly approaching modern science. And then, history is able to arouse the vitality of producing knowledge and discovering theory, though it cannot become the main fashion of producing knowledge again.

关 键 词：历史研究 发现 验证 理论现代科学 

分 类 号：K06[历史地理—历史学]