人工降雨条件下扰动坡面土壤侵蚀规律研究  

Soil Erosion of Disturbed Slope Surface in Simulated Rainfall Conditions

作　　者：王爱娟[1] 李亚龙[1] 王一峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水土保持研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2013年第4期25-28,共4页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101260);水利部公益性行业科研专项项目(201001036);长江科学院基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2012042/TB)

摘　　要：应用人工模拟降雨实验,拟定3种不同雨强对砂土、粉壤土、石质土和黏土4种`不同土壤质地扰动坡面产流产沙规律进行研究。结果表明:地表径流的产流开始时间随着雨强的增加缩短,在3.3～24.9min之间变化;坡上、坡中、坡下的径流流速呈现递增的趋势,但是整个坡面的单位水流功率在降雨过程中变化不大;石质土和黏土的产沙量最大,且在降雨过程中呈现先增后减的趋势,而砂土和粉壤土的产沙量不大且呈现增加的趋势;同一坡度同样降水量情况下产沙量呈现石质土>粉壤土>砂土的规律;黏土坡面的产沙量随着雨强的增大而增大。By artificial simulated rainfall experiments, we researched the regularity of runoff and sediment yield on disturbed slope surface of four soil types （ sandy soil, silty loam, stony soil, and clayey soil） under different rainfall intensities. Results showed that the time of surface runoff initiation shortened within the range of 3.3 min-24.9 min with the increase of rainfall intensity. The runoff velocity on the upper slope was larger than that on the middle slope, followed by that on the lower slope, but the stream power of the whole slope changed slightly throughout the entire rainfall process. The sediment yield of stony and clayey slope were the biggest, both increased firstly and de- creased subsequently, while the sediment yield of sandy and silty loam slope were small and showed an increasing trend. At the same slope gradient and the same precipitation, the sediment yield of stony soil was the largest, fol- lowed by silty loam and sandy soil in sequence, while the sediment yield of clayey slope increased with the rainfall intensity increase.

关 键 词：开挖坡面 地表径流 侵蚀 人工降雨 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]