含氮化合物对FCC催化剂的中毒机理及其应对措施  

Poisoning Mechanisms of FCC Catalysts with Azotic Compounds and Nitrogen-Resistant Measures

作　　者：沈本贤[1] 陈小博[1,2] 王劲[2] 杨朝合[2] 山红红[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学化工学院,上海200237 [2]中国石油大学(华东)重质油国家重点实验室,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《石油化工》2013年第4期457-462,共6页Petrochemical Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21206198);国家重大基础研究发展规划项目(2012CB215006);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(11cx04027a)

摘　　要：介绍了含氮化合物对FCC催化剂的中毒作用机理,对酸碱中和理论、竞争吸附理论、诱导效应及空间位阻效应等多种理论的分析表明,含氮化合物对FCC催化剂的毒害作用强弱与其质子亲和力、吸附络合能力、分子大小和分子结构,以及催化剂活性组分的孔结构等密切相关。概述了各种抗氮催化剂和抗氮工艺的研究进展,列举了抑制含氮化合物毒害FCC催化剂的应对措施,展望了提高FCC装置加工高含氮原料的发展方向。The poisoning mechanisms of FCC catalysts with azotic compounds, including the acidalkali neutralization theory, competitive adsorption theory, inductive effect and steric hindering effect, were summarized. The poisoning extent is closely related to proton affinity, adsorption and complexing capability, molecular size and structure of the azotic compounds and pore structure of the catalysts. The measures of improving the nitrogen-resistant performance of the FCC catalysts were reviewed, such as increasing the acid sites, choosing active matrixes, modifying the zeolites and heightening the reaction temperature and the ratio of the catalysts to oil. The processes for treating coker gas oil with high content of azotic compounds were introduced. The trend of improving FCC unit to orocess feedstocks with high content of azotic compounds was prospected.

关 键 词：含氮化合物 流化催化裂化 催化剂中毒机理 抗氮 

分 类 号：TE624.4[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]