同步辐射(软X射线)对冬小麦的诱变效应及机理研究 Ⅰ.同步辐射的辐射生物学效应  

STUDIES ON MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF SYNCHROTRONOUS RADIATION(SOFT X-RAY) ON WINTER WHEAT Ⅰ. RADIATION BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

作　　者：曹雪芸[1] 施巾帼[1] 唐掌雄[1] 江泽慧[2] 费本华[2] 董宝中[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所,北京100094 [2]安徽农业大学,安徽合肥230036 [3]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100039

出　　处：《核农学报》2000年第4期193-199,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：家自然基金项目! (196 5 5 0 0 1);国家攻关项目 !(96 B12 0 2 0 1)

摘　　要：本文利用同步辐射 (软X射线 )辐照 3个冬小麦品种 ,从形态学、细胞学上研究了M1 代生物损伤和M2 代诱变效应。结果表明 :同步辐射抑制了M1 代幼苗、植株的生长 ,引起育性、结实率下降 ,M1 代的生理损伤在幼苗生长早期大于γ射线 ,在生育晚期则小于γ射线。细胞学研究表明 ,同步辐射抑制了细胞有丝分裂 ,明显地降低了细胞分裂指数 ,引起了细胞染色体的结构损伤 ,染色体畸变类型不同于γ射线 ,造成的生物损伤大于γ射线。同步辐射诱发了M2 代较宽的突变谱 ,出现了多种有益性状变异 ,适宜的诱变剂量范围为 2 0 0～ 2 5 0Gy ,小于γ射线 (2 5 0～ 35 0Gy)。The mutagenic effectics of synchronous radiation (SR, soft x\|ray) on biology of three winter wheat varieties were studied. The results were as follows. The physiological damage of M 1 generation by SR was different from that by γ ray. The SR's damage degree was greater than γ ray's in the early period of seedling growth but smaller in the late period. SR damaged the structure of the chromosome of the cells, the type and rate of cells with chromosome aberration of seedlings root tip cells by SR were not as the same as that by γ ray. The differences of total rate of aberration cells between two rays were not obvious, but the rate of aberration cells by SR was lower at metaphase and higher at nanphase than those of γ ray. Higher mutation frequencies and wider mutational spectrum were observed in M 2 generation by SR than by γ ray. The mutation frequency of qualitative and beneficial character and variation coefficient of quantitative character induced by SR were greater than those of γ ray. The range of appropriate doses with SR was 200～250Gy, smaller than that of γ ray (250～350) in the experiment.

关 键 词：同步辐射 冬小麦 生物学效应 

分 类 号：S12[农业科学—农业基础科学]