慢即是快——紧凑道路设计思路  

When Do Slower Roads Provide Faster Travel?

作　　者：Kenneth A.Small Chen Feng Ng 姜洋 解建华 Kenneth A. Small Chen Feng Ng[2] 姜洋(译)[3] 解建华(译)[3] 

机构地区：[1]加州大学尔湾分校经济系,美国加州尔湾92697 [2]加州州立大学经济系,美国加州长滩90840 [3]宇恒可持续交通研究中心,北京100004

出　　处：《城市交通》2013年第2期91-94,共4页Urban Transport of China

摘　　要：按照联邦州际高速公路系统设定的标准修建、扩容快速路耗资巨大,且对环境产生不利影响。然而由于交通拥堵,仅有少数出行者才能体验到快速驾驶的优势。探讨了道路设计的另一种思路——设计更紧凑的道路,或者说车道数更多但车道宽度更窄的道路。对比常规设计和紧凑设计两种思路下快速路车速、通行能力、行程时间指标,结果显示在高峰时段车辆排队严重时,紧凑设计具有较明显的优势。由于紧凑设计对道路安全性的影响尚未定论,建议设置更低的限速并采取措施禁止超速行为。最后指出,紧凑设计可增加道路通行能力以缓解交通拥堵,因此其适用范围得到扩展。It is financially and environmentally expensive to build or expand expressways conforming to the design standards of the federal Interstate Highway System.Yet their advantage in terms of high speeds often is enjoyed only by a minority of travelers due to congestion.This paper explores alternative roadway designs such as more compact roads,or roads with more but narrower lanes.By comparing speed,capacity,and travel time between two roadway designs,the paper finds the compact design performs better when there is appreciable queuing during peak hours.Due to the uncertain impact of compact road design on safety,the paper suggests reducing speed limits on compact roads and implementing other measures to discourage speeding.The results support expanding the range of highway designs that are considered when adding capacity to ameliorate urban road congestion.

关 键 词：道路设计 通行能力 自由流速度 

分 类 号：U491.22[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]