老年人体质五因素理论模型的检验与探新  

Test and Development on Five-factor's Theoretical Model of Physical Fitness of Elderly People

作　　者：陈庆果[1] 林家仕[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学体育学院,四川成都610066 [2]集美大学体育学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《体育科学》2013年第4期55-62,共8页China Sport Science

基　　金：科技部科技支撑项目(2006BAK33B01)

摘　　要：目的:检验体质五因素模型在老年群体中能否得到实证研究的支持,并进行相关的分析探讨,完善体质理论结构的研究。方法:根据理论模型设计包含19个条目的指标体系后对60～79岁老年人进行测试,对样本数据进行验证性因素分析,在此基础上做进一步的数据分析和探讨。结果:在男性和女性中,体质五因素理论模型拟合均欠佳,拟合指数分别为AGFI=0.836、GFI=0.770、RSEMA=0.097和AGFI=0.858、GFI=0.801、RSEMA=0.091,按照模型设计的指标体系实际均包含6个因素,分别可解释总方差的67.7%和64.7%。由此构建的六因素理论模型在男性中AGFI=0.923、GFI=0.892、RSEMA=0.058;在女性中AGFI=0.929、GFI=0.964、RSEMA=0.041,且因子载荷均较整齐,基本都在0.6～0.9之间。结论:在老年组中,体质五因素(形态、机能、素质、适应能力和心理发展水平)模型未得到实证研究支持,根据该模型设计的指标体系实为六因素模型(体成分、心血管、力量、素质、适应能力和心理状态),体质模型中的因素应该是具体的属性或概念,笼统的概念构建的模型很难得到实证数据支持。Objective： In order to improve theoretical structure of physical fitness, this study was to examine whether five-factor＇s model of physical fitness can be proved by empirical research, and to make analysis on this result. Methods ： Based on theoretical model, this study develop test battery containing 19 items to test elderly people aged 60-79, use confirmatory factor analysis to test the data and then make data further analysis and discussion. Results： Regardless of gender, five-factor＇s model of physical fitness is badly fit, AGFI = 0.836, GFI = 0. 770,RSEMA=0.09 for male and AGFI=0.929,GFI=0.964,RSEMA=0.041 for female. Actual index system designed in accordance with the model contains six factors explained 67.7% （male） and 64.7% （female） of the total variance, which is called for six-factor＇s model that fit index is AGFI=0.923, GFI=0.892, RSEMA=0.058 in male and AGFI=0.929, GFI=0.964, RSEMA=0.041 in female. Factor loading of six-factor＇s model in the two groups is basically from 0.6 to 0.9. Conclusion： In the elderly people group, five-factor＇s theoretical models of physical fitness（growth, physiological functional, physical quality, psychologi- cal state and physical adaptation） don＇t gain the support of empirical research, which is actually sixfactor＇ s model （ body composition, cardiovascular, strength, physical quality, psychological state and physical adaptation）. The general concept of building the model is difficult to obtain empirical data to support, which need to be replaced by specific properties or concepts.

关 键 词：老年人 体质 理论模型 因素 验证性因素分析 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]