论保险人代位求偿权与被保险人损害赔偿请求权的冲突  

The Research on the Conflict between the Insurer's Right of Subrogation and the Insured's Right to Claim for Damages

作　　者：马宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2013年第2期67-81,177-178,共15页The Jurist

基　　金：作者主持的2010年国家社会科学基金项目"金融稳定法律保障机制中的存款保险制度正当性及其运行机制"(项目编号:10XFX017);陕西省教育厅2012年科学研究项目计划"陕西保险市场中保险欺诈防范与保险消费者权益保护"(项目编号:12JK0006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：当保险金额小于保险价值,存在保险范围外损失或自负额(率)时,保险人代位求偿权与被保险人对第三人的损害赔偿请求权之间,会因第三人清偿能力不足而发生冲突。对此,在保险法理论与实务上,虽有禁止保险人在被保险人的损失得到完全赔偿前行使代位权的规则存在,但多数皆承认此两种权利的竟合,并在竞合时采取四种不同处理方法。在认可权利竞合的背景下,比例分配法更加符合风险分配原则。但该方法的适用以责任免除条款的存在为前提,并将间接免除保险人的责任,因而仅在保险合同对此种风险作出明确规定,且保险人履行了说明义务后方可适用。否则应适用被保险人优先受偿法。When the insurance amount is less than the insured value,there is loss beyond the coverage or there is deductible(rate) items existing in insurance contract,then the underwriter's subrogation and the right of insured to claim for damages to the third party will conflict under the circumstances of the third party being lack of solvency.In this matter,some insurance law theories and practices prohibit insurer from exercising subrogation right before the insured's loss has been full compensated, but most of them admit the fact of concurrence right and use four different methods to deal with this matter.Based on the fact of admitting concurrence right,we should admit pro rata method is more consistent with the risk distribution principle of insurance law.But because this method can be used only in the context of corresponding exclusion clauses and will be indirectly exempt from insurer's responsibility,if the insurance contract does not make clear hint for that effect to applicant and the underwriter does not fulfill its explanation obligation,the method cannot be applied. The method of insured preferred payments should be otherwise applicable.

关 键 词：保险人代位求偿权 被保险人损害赔偿请求权 比例分配 完全补偿 保险金扣减权 

分 类 号：D922.284[政治法律—经济法学]