试论政治经济学与经济学之间的关系  

A Tentative Discussion on the Relationship between Political Economy and Economics

作　　者：吴宇晖[1] 李宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学经济学院

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2013年第2期172-185,共14页China Review of Political Economy

摘　　要：在经济思想史上,关于财富生产、分配、交换和消费的科学最初被命名为"政治经济学"。在这里,形容词"政治的"的含义,既包括从民族国家和国家与国家之间的关系的角度来研究财富问题,也包括运用政治哲学的观点对各种不同的经济制度进行规范性分析。然而,到了新古典经济学那里,制度分析和规范分析不见了,政治经济学变成了研究人和物之间的配置关系问题,这导致了以"经济学"替代了政治经济学这一著名的术语。新古典经济学的这种做法遭到历史学派和制度学派的反对,并且引起了经济思想史上关于政治经济学是一门实证的、抽象的和演绎的科学还是一门伦理的、现实的和归纳的科学的大论战。内维尔·凯恩斯通过区分实证经济学和规范经济学调和了两派的观点,但这种分类仍然不令人满意,因为它没有把经济制度视为重要的变量抽象出来。本文回顾了经济思想史上关于政治经济学研究范围和方法的变化,提出的基本观点是:在确定把"经济学"作为在既定制度下分析人们经济行为的实证科学的基础上,恢复"政治经济学"这个古老的术语及其所具有的古典的含义,从而把政治经济学与经济学作为与人类经济福利有关的、但在研究任务、研究范围和研究方法上可以明确加以区分的两种不同的经济理论。In the history of economic thought, a science about the wealth of the produc- tion, distribution, exchange and consumption was originally named ＂.political economy＂. In here, meanings of the adjective ＂political＂ included both studying the wealth prob- lems within a national country or among countries, and using the point of view of politi- cal philosophy to judge the different economic institutions with normative analysis. However, institutional and normative analyses disappeared in the new classical econom- ics there, and political economics turned into the study of allocation between human and things, which led the terminology of political economy was replaced by ＂economics＂. The history school and institutional school opposed the point of view of new classical e- conomics, and caused great controversy between them about whether political economy was a positive, abstractive and deductive science or an ethical, realistic and inductive science. Neville Keynes compromised two opposite views by distinguishing positive eco- nomics and normative economics, but this classification is still not satisfactory, because it does not take economic institution as an important variable. This paper looks back the changes of scopes and methods of political economy in the history of economic thought, the basic viewpoints are. on the basis of taking economics as positive science to study human economic behaviors under the given economic institution, the terminology of ＂political economics＂ and its classical meaning should be recovered, namely taking politi- cal economy and economics as two kinds of different economic science, both are relative to human economic welfare, but can be search scopes and the methodology. clearly distinguished in the research tasks, re

关 键 词：政治经济学 经济学 实证经济学 规范经济学 经济制度 

分 类 号：F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]