土壤水分胁迫对夏玉米植株性状整齐度的影响  

Effects of soil water stress on the regular degree of plant properties of summer corn

作　　者：陶世蓉[1] 东先旺[1] 张海燕[1] 刘树堂[1] 刘培利[1] 

机构地区：[1]莱阳农学院,山东莱阳265200

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2000年第5期812-817,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：山东省三○工程资助项目!( 3 0 -0 3 -0 3 )

摘　　要：利用大型防雨设施池栽 ,严格调控水量 ,研究夏玉米全程及阶段性土壤水分胁迫对植株性状整齐度的影响。结果表明 ,夏玉米生育全程水分胁迫 ,植株性状整齐度全面劣化 ,产量极低 ;苗期阶段水分胁迫导致大、小苗 ,壮、弱苗两极分化明显 ,株高整齐度显著下降 ,其负效应持续至生育后期 ,生育进程推迟 ,千粒重显著降低 ,对产量造成一定影响 ;穗期阶段水分胁迫对穗长、穗粒数整齐度影响明显 ,产量降幅较大 ;花粒期阶段水分胁迫对千粒重及穗粒数影响最大 ,产量降幅更大。超高产玉米是多种性状、高整齐度共同作用的结果。超高产栽培中 ,苗期阶段控水应有一个限度 ,土壤相对含水量不应低于 60 % ,穗期阶段重视水分管理 ,花粒期阶段保证充分供水。Using large waterproof installations and pond cultivating,controlling water content strictly,study effects of soil water stress on the regular degree of plant properties during the growing period and in some stages.The results show:water stress during the growing period,the regular degree of plant properties of summer corn was thoroughly inferior,the yield is very low.Water stress during seedling stage leads to big,small seedling strong,weak seedling polarizes apparently,the regular degree of plant height decreases significantly,the negatively effects continue until the later growing period:growing process postpones,the thousand grain weight decreases significantly,effect yield in some degree.Water stress during spike stage effects significantly the regular degree of panicle length and the grain number per ear,yield decreases greatly.Water stress during anthesis and kernel stage effects most greatly the thousand grain weight and the grain number per ear,yield decreases more greatly.High yielding maize is the result of many kinds of properties affecting jointly.In high yielding cultivation,controlling water requires a limitation during seedling stage,relative water content of soil cant be lower than 60%,attach importance to water management during spike stage,ensure full water supply during anthesis and kernel stage.

关 键 词：夏玉米 水分胁迫 整齐度 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学] Q948.112[生物学—植物学]