植物的养分利用效率(NUE)及植物对养分胁迫环境的适应策略  

The nutrient use efficiency ( NUE ) of plants and it′s implications on the strategy of plant adapta tion to nutrient Stressed environments

作　　者：苏波[1] 韩兴国[1] 黄建辉[1] 渠春梅 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《生态学报》2000年第2期335-343,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院重点项目! KZ952 -J1 -1 0 3;国家自然科学基金!项目 ( No.3 9970 1 2 9)

摘　　要：提高养分利用效率 ( N UE)是植物适应贫瘠生境的一种重要的竞争策略。养分利用效率的概念从提出到现在 ,曾用多个参数描述 ,其间经历了一个不断完善的发展过程。通过综述近年来相关的研究结果 ,可以初步得出以下结论 :( 1 )不同种 ,不同生活型植物 ,乃至同株植物不同器官的 N UE存在不同程度的差异。( 2 ) N UE受多种因素影响。其中 ,养分有效性的影响研究较多 ,但争议较大 ,综合考虑 ,它对 NUE的影响不甚显著 ;叶片脱落持续时间的影响强烈 ,逐步落叶物种的NUE比在较短时间内即全部落叶的物种低 ;高的土壤湿度能提高 N素利用效率 ,但对 P、Ca的影响不大 ;遮荫或改变库 -源关系会显著降低植物的 NUE;地形条件对 NUE存在显著影响 ;植物体内的次生化学代谢过程会降低 N UE和凋落物分解速率。 ( 3 )养分再吸收与植物的适应性存在密切的相关关系 ,为了应付养分胁迫生境 。It is a very important competitive strategy for plants growing in infertile environments to have a higher nutrient use efficiency ( NUE ).The concept of NUE has been described by many parameters. In recent years,some basic conclusions may be obtained:(1) NUE differed within plant species,among different plant species with varied life forms and different organs of an individual plant;(2) NUE was affected by many factors. Many case studies have focused on the influences of nutrient availability on NUE ,but no agreement has been reached.Generally,nutrient availability had no significant effects on NUE .The duration of the abscission period strongly affected the NUE of plants in that species with gradual leaf fall exhibited lower percentages of nitrogen recovery than those with a much shorter abscission period.Nitrogen use efficiency of plants would be improved in a higher soil moisture condition,but P and Ca use efficiency had no clear response to the increase of soil moisture.The treatments of shade and/or changing the relationship between the nutrient pools and sources would strongly reduce the NUE of plants.The topographical conditions had great effects on NUE ,with the NUE being higher in the upper position than in the lower position.The secondary metabolites in plants would affect the NUE by reducing both the NUE and litter decomposability.(3) There was a significant co relationship between nutrient resorption prior to leaf abscission and the adaptation of plants to infertile environments.To cope with the stress factors in a specific habitat,the plant per se had a series of effective adaptive strategies.

关 键 词：养分利用效率 适应策略 养分胁迫环境 植物 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]