相机陷阱在野生动物种群生态学中的应用  

Applications of camera trap in wildlife population ecology

作　　者：李勤[1] 邬建国[1,2] 寇晓军[1] 冯利民[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875 [2]School of Life Sciences&Global Institute of Sustainability,Arizona State Universi-ty,Tempe,AZ 85287-4501,USA

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第4期947-955,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2006FY210100)资助

摘　　要：种群参数估计及空间分布格局是动物生态学和保护生物学领域的重要目标之一.最近十几年来,相机陷阱(camera trap)作为野外调查的一种非损伤性技术手段,在传统调查方法难以实现的情况下表现出极大优势,被广泛应用于野生动物生态学和保护学研究中.相机陷阱所获取的动物出现数据为野生动物种群提供了极其重要的定量信息.本文从相机陷阱工作原理出发,主要阐述了目前在种群生态学中较为成熟的两类针对具有或不具有天然个体标志物种的模型原理及应用:1)种群密度和种群数量估计;2)空间占据率估计.论文特别关注了模型发展的逻辑过程、依赖的假定、使用范围、仍然存在的问题以及未来发展方向.最后,本文综合分析了相机陷阱在种群参数估计应用中还需注意的问题,以及其在种群动态和生物多样性研究等方面的发展潜力.Population parameter estimation and spatial distribution pattern are the main issues in animal ecology and conservation biology. In recent decades, camera trap as a non-invasive tech- nique in field survey has been widely used in wildlife ecology and conservation research, arid showed its great superiority under the conditions of traditional survey methods difficult to achieve. The animal presence data collected by camera trap can provide extremely valuable quantitative infor- mation on wildlife populations. In this review, the operational principles of camera trap were intro- duced to provide an intuitive understanding of this technique, and then, the applications of this technique in two main fields of population ecology, i. e. , population density and abundance estima- tion and spatial occupancy estimation for the species with or without natural unique individual mark- ings, were discussed, with special attention to the logic of development, assumptions, limits in ap- plication, challenges, and future directions of model development. Finally, the important aspects which should be kept in mind when using camera trap in estimating wildlife population parameters as well as the potential capacities of camera trap in the researches of population dynamics and biodl- versity, were comprehensively analyzed.

关 键 词：相机陷阱 种群生态学 野外调查 密度估计 占据率 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]