单倍体大白菜减数分裂分析及单体植株的获得  

Analysis of Meiotic Behavior of Haploid Chinese Cabbage and Selection of a Chromosome Monosomic Plant

作　　者：刘富强[1] 代双艳[1] 王彦华[1] 张成合[1] 申书兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《园艺学报》2013年第4期767-772,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：‘十二五’农村领域国家科技计划课题(2012AA100202-5);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2010000677)

摘　　要：以大白菜小孢子培养获得的单倍体植株为材料，观察花粉母细胞减数分裂行为，测定花粉生活力和单倍体植株杂交的结实性，并对子代植株的染色体进行了鉴定。结果表明：大白菜单倍体减数分裂不规则，中期I单价体游离于赤道板附近或排列在赤道板上，可见1～2个局部联会的二价体或1个局部联会的三价体；后期I单价体大多能够移向两极，包含0／10、1／9、2／8、3／7、4／6和5／5等分离方式，少数移向三极，包含1／4／5和2／2／6等分离方式；减数分裂产物包含二分孢子、三分孢子和四分孢子等；单倍体植株与二倍体植株杂交表现高度不育，平均每荚结籽仅为0．068粒；11个子代植株中10株为二倍体（2n=20），1株为单体（2n-1=19）。Meiotic behavior and pollen viability of the haploid Chinese cabbage derived from microspore culture were studied and the chromosome numbers of progeny plants of the haploid plants crossing to the diploid plants were examined in the present report. The results showed the meiotic behavior of the haploid Chinese cabbage was abnormal. At metaphase I , the univalents were either moved to the center of the cell （equatorial plane） or scattered in the cytoplasm, occasionally 1 - 2 bivalents or one trivalent occurred; At anaphase I, the chromosomes freely went to opposite poles, resulting in 0/10, 1/9, 2/8, 3/7, 4/6 and 5/5 chromosome distributions, occasionally to three poles, forming 1/4/5, 2/2/6 and so on chromosome distributions. The products of the meiosis included tetrads, dyads and triads. The seed set of the haploid plants × the diploid plants by artificial pollination was very low, only about 0.068 seeds per pod. By chromosome number identification, of the total 11 progeny plants, ten plants were diploid （2n = 20） and one monsomic plant （2n - 1 = 19） .

关 键 词：大白菜 单倍体 减数分裂 单体植株 

分 类 号：S634.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]