云南省香格里拉县鼠疫媒介蚤调查结果分析  

Analysis of investigation results for plague vector fleas on small mammals in Shangri-la county, Yunnan province, China

作　　者：洪梅[1] 刘正祥[1] 钟佑宏[1] 宋志忠[1] 徐友谊 刘云海 吴爱国[1] 王国良[1] 吴国良 高子厚[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000 [2]迪庆州疾病预防控制中心 [3]香格里拉县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2013年第2期121-124,共4页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30960331)~~

摘　　要：目的分析云南省香格里拉县小型兽类体表寄生蚤的构成和分布,为探讨滇西北高海拔地区是否存在喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫疫源地提供科学依据。方法 2011年6-7月,在香格里拉县6个乡镇,海拔2500～4900m区间4种景观带开展现场调查;分别采用夹线法、笼日法、圈套、吊杆扣和挖洞等方法捕获小兽,梳捡体蚤,分类计数。结果从4目7科(亚科)14属21种425只小兽体表捡获寄生蚤334匹(3科7亚科15属26种);其中以迪庆额蚤和方叶栉眼蚤数量居多,分别占33.53%和13.17%;首次从云南省喜马拉雅旱獭体表和獭洞捡获青藏高原旱獭鼠疫疫源地主要媒介蚤种斧形盖蚤和谢氏山蚤,且为主要寄生蚤,分别占11.38%和6.59%。结论迪庆额蚤为此次调查检获的优势种,从空间分布来看,不同海拔垂直梯度和4种景观都有分布,特新蚤指名亚种分布无论从景观还是海拔高度都未呈现集中优势,这与玉龙和剑川两块鼠疫疫源地有明显区别,而喜马拉雅旱獭体外寄生蚤斧形盖蚤和谢氏山蚤的客观存在,为推测当地存在喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫疫源地提供了极有价值的线索。Objective To investigate the species composition and distribution of parasitic fleas on small mammals in Shangri-la county, Yunnan province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the study on the epidemic foci of Marmota himalayana plague in the high-altitude areas of Northwest Yunnan. Methods Field investigation was conducted in four landscape areas with altitudes of 2500-4900 m in 6 villages or towns of Shangri-la county during June to July 2011. Small mammals were captured by trap rows, cages （in the daytime）, snares, derrick knots, and caves; fleas were collected from them by combing and picking and were then classified and counted. Results A total of 334 fleas （26 species, 15 genera, 7 subfamilies, and 3 families） were collected from the body surfaces of 425 small mammals （21 species, 14 genera, 7 families and subfamilies, and 4 orders）. Of the collected fleas, Frontopsylla diqingensis and Ctenophthalmus quadratus were found more frequently, accounting for 33.53% and 13.17%, respectively. It was the first time to detect and collect Callopsylla dolabris and Ceratophyllus silantiewi from the body surfaces and caves of M. hirnalayana, which were the main vectors in the epidemic loci of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau marmot plague, and the two species accounted for 11.38% and 6.59%, respectively, of the parasitic fleas. Conclusion F. diqingensis is the dominant species in the study areas, distributed at different altitudes and in all the four landscape areas. The nominate subspecies of Neopsylla specialis is not in centralized distribution at any altitude or landscape area, which is different from Yulong and Jianchuan loci of plague. The existence of C. dolabris and C. silantiewi on M. himalayana gives an important clue to the study on the epidemic loci of M. himalayana plague in this area.

关 键 词：香格里拉县 鼠疫 媒介 调查 

分 类 号：R254.8[医药卫生—中医内科学] R384.3[医药卫生—中医学]