果树类型及配置方式对南疆间作棉花产量、品质及经济效益的影响研究  

Influence of Fruit Tree Types and Their Structure Configuration on the Yield,Quality and Economic Returns of Intercropping Cotton in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：林涛[1] 田立文[1] 郭仁松[1] 汤秋香[2] 崔建平[1] 徐海江[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第3期393-400,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆农业科学院优秀青年科技人才基金"间作棉花(枣棉)结构优化配置技术研究";农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项"南疆地区粮食;棉花和果树间作技术模式研究"(201003043)

摘　　要：【目的】选取苹果、香梨、桃、杏、核桃、红枣等果树,在南疆果棉间作生态区,研究开展间作果树类型对棉花生长的影响,为形成稳定、高效的配置结构,以及制订系统科学的管理措施提供理论依据。【方法】以生产中的主要种植模式为研究对象,采用大田随机区组设计,在关键生育时期,调查棉花的主要生长指标、冠层微气象指标、产量指标及纤维品质指标。【结果】遮荫对棉花冠层微环境的改变显著,树冠直径与遮荫效果呈加性效益,同一树种间比较,冠层微环境的变化幅度依次为冠下>冠外>中间测点,不同树种间比较,冠层微环境变化幅度依次为桃树>香梨>苹果>桃核>红枣。树冠直径与果枝台数、单株结铃数的下降呈正比,遮荫是造成产量下降的主要原因。树冠增大导致棉花冠层光强、冠层温度降低,冠层湿度升高,微环境因子的改变对棉纤维品质的形成具有影响作用。【结论】对间作棉花产量、品质及冠层环境综合指标较为有利的果树依次为红枣>桃核>苹果>香梨>桃树,生产中采用红枣等冠层较小的树种或适度修剪营养枝,能够提高棉花产量,改善纤维品质。[ Objective ] The project aims to provide a theoretical basis for stable and highly effective structure configuration and scientific management measures by selecting apple, pear, peach, apricot, walnut, jujube and other fruit trees to study their influence on yield, fiber quality and economic returns of intercropping cotton in Southern Xinjiang. [ Method] Cropping pattern in the present production was chosen as the object of study by using randomized block design. Major growth indicators, canopy micrometeorological indicators, yield and fiber aualitv indicatos were investigated at the crucial important growing stage. [ Result] Shade has a significant influence on cotton canopy microenvironment. Crown diameter is proportional to shade effect. In comparison of the same tree type, the order of variations of the canopy microenvironment is ： under crown 〉 adjacent crown 〉 middle points; In comparison of different tree types, the order is： peach 〉 pear 〉 apple 〉 walnut 〉 jujube. Crown diameter is positively proportional to the number of fruiting branches and boll weight reduction. The shade is the main reason for the yield reduction. The crown expansion is the major reason to cause the decline of light transmission efficiency, temperature and humidity of cotton canopy. The change of the micro - environmental factors mentioned above has an impact on the formation of cotton fiber quality. [ Conclusion ] The influence priority comprehensive indexes of cotton yield, quality and canopy environment are： jujube 〉 walnut 〉 apple 〉 pear 〉 peach. Selecting smaller crown fruit types such as jujube, and moderate pruning of tree branches can improve cotton yield and fiber quality.

关 键 词：果棉间作 果树类型 配置方式 棉花 影响 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S562[农业科学—农艺学]