浅谈唐传两种琵琶谱的记谱法  

On Notation of Two Music Scores of Pipa from the Tang Dynasty

作　　者：陈应时[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海音乐学院音乐学系

出　　处：《浙江艺术职业学院学报》2013年第1期1-5,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Vocational Academy of Art

摘　　要：现在可以见到唐代所传的琵琶古谱有四弦琵琶谱和五弦琵琶谱两种:四弦琵琶谱是20世纪初在敦煌莫高窟藏经洞发现的《敦煌乐谱》(日本所存的单页《天平琵琶谱》亦属此类谱式);五弦琵琶谱见于由日本近卫世家祖传的长卷古谱《五弦琴谱》。从现存的三种琵琶古谱来看,四弦琵琶和五弦琵琶的记谱法并非是伴随着四弦琵琶和五弦琵琶一起从西域传到中原的,而是由中原音乐家设计出来的。值得注意的是,五弦琵琶第五弦第一相音位的谱字"九",它横向紧接在四弦琵琶第四弦第一相音位谱字"八"之右方,从而造成了和原来第一弦第二相变形谱字"九"的重复。这足以说明四弦琵琶音位谱字记谱法的设计在前,而五弦琵琶的音位谱字记谱法是在四弦琵琶音位谱字记谱法基础上再添加了第五弦上的"子、九、中、四、五"五个谱字和第四弦"孤柱"上的谱字"小"而形成的。There are two kind of music scores of pipa handed down from the Tang dynasty.The music score of four-stringed pipa is Tun-huang Music Scores of Pipa discovered in the Mogao Grottos at Tun-huang in early 20th century（and also the single-page Tianping Music Scores of Pipa in Japan）;the music score of five-stringed pipa is the ancestral Music Scores of Banjo of Japanese Guards Family.According to the existing three ancient kinds of music scores of pipa,the notation of four-stringed and five-stringed pipa is not spread to the Central Plains from the Western Regions together with the four-stringed and five-stringed pipa,but is designed by musicians of the Central Plains.The notation of the four-stringed pipa is earlier than that of the five-stringed pipa.

关 键 词：四弦琵琶谱 五弦琵琶谱 敦煌乐谱 五弦琴谱 

分 类 号：J613.2[艺术—音乐]