都江堰市震后医疗卫生系统重建——经验与效果分析  

Health System Reconstruction in Dujiangyan after Wenchuan Earthquake:Experience and Outcome

作　　者：卢伟[1] 陈光建 王春芳[1] 葛海燕 闫明霞[4] 靳文正[1] 郑杨[1] 钱轶峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [2]都江堰市卫生局,四川611830 [3]上海市华东疗养院,江苏320200 [4]上海市肿瘤研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2013年第4期241-245,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市科委;上海市委组织部"上海市领军人才"项目资助

摘　　要：为了研究汶川地震后灾区医疗卫生系统恢复重建模式,总结恢复重建经验,从而为今后相关工作的开展提供借鉴,本研究以位于汶川地震震中的四川省都江堰市为切入点,了解其灾后重建工作的组织实施,并收集当地医疗卫生系统各部门震前业务开展情况、地震受损情况以及震后逐年恢复重建情况等相关资料,对当地医疗卫生系统灾后恢复重建情况进行了分析。经过3年灾后重建,都江堰市实现了"大灾之后无大疫"的目标,医疗卫生系统服务能力得到迅速恢复和提升。其中,在各级医疗卫生机构在基础设施、软硬件设施等获得大规模重建及升级的基础上,门急诊数量、手术台次、出院人次等主要医疗卫生指标亦比灾前大幅提高;同时,当地甲、乙、丙类传染病发病率以及呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病、虫媒及自然疫源性传染病的发病率比灾前有不同程度的下降。与2008年相比,截至2011年都江堰市期望寿命提高了9.23岁,婴儿死亡率下降了3.22‰,孕产妇死亡率下降了12.80/104。从都江堰市医疗卫生系统的高效恢复重建中可以看出,灾后恢复重建体系的高效、有序运行,在灾区恢复重建过程中发挥了巨大作用,是灾区医疗卫生系统迅速得以恢复及提升的根本保证。This article focused on the health system reconstruction after Wenchuan earthquake in Dujiangyan, China, and intended to provide some experience and knowledge gained. Pre-quake conditions of health system, damage caused by the earthquake, and post-quake efforts on reconstruction and outcomes achieved were presented and analyzed. After three years of post-quake reconstruction, not only no severe epidemics occurred in the disaster area, the capacity of health system was also recovered and upgraded rapidly. On the basis of the improvement in infrastructure and hardware and software facilities, the number of outpatient and emergency visits, operations, discharges, and other major indicators for health service capacity greatly improved compared to the pre-quake times. The incidence rates of Class A, B, and C infectious diseases as well as respiratory, gastro-intestinal, and arthropod-borne and natural focal infectious diseases also appeared varying degrees of declines. Compared to 2008, the life expectancy in Dujiangyan increased by 9.23 years in 2011, the infant mortality decreased 3.22‰, and the maternal mortality decreased 12.80/10^4. It could be justifiably concluded that the efficient and orderly post-quake reconstruction has played a huge role in enhancing the restoration of health system in Dujiangyan.

关 键 词：医疗卫生系统 汶川地震 灾后重建 传染病 慢性病 服务 机构 人员 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]