具有负反馈特征的光伏-温差联合发电模型与效率分析  

Design and Efficiency of Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Power Generator with Negative Feedback Characteristic

作　　者：杨晶晶[1] 刘永生[1] 房文健[1] 方津[1] 彭麟[1] 杨正龙[2] 高湉[1] 谷民安[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海电力学院太阳能研究所,上海200090 [2]同济大学先进土木工程材料教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报》2013年第4期550-554,559,共6页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(10804072;11204171);上海市青年科技启明星计划项目(11QH1401000);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(211055);上海市科委重点项目(12JC1404400;11160500700);上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(11ZZ168)

摘　　要：太阳能电池输出功率随着温度升高而降低,半导体温差发电模块输出功率随着温差的增大而升高.结合两者输出功率随温度变化的关系,利用烟囱效应巧妙设计了一套具有负反馈作用的光伏-温差联合发电系统,并对其进行了效率和环境分析.结果表明:系统处于稳定工况时,温差模块可以提供输出功率4.3W,光伏电池比自然冷却方式下的输出功率增加6.9%,系统的光电转换效率增加1.42%,效率达到12.06%,在寿命期内比火力发电减排NOx9.7kg、CO2742.9kg、SO29.6kg;系统可以有效地控制电池板与环境的温差在22℃左右,增加电池板的使用寿命,这对可再生能源的应用具有理论指导意义.The output power of solar cell decreases with the increase of temperature, while the output power of semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module increases with the increase of temperature difference. Based on their output power vs. temperature relationship mentioned above, an optimal system of photovoltaic-thermoelectric power generation was designed by using chimney effect, which possesses a negative feedback characteristic. By analysis, it can be seen that the out power adds 4.3W by using ther-moelectric module, and photovoltaic cell power increases 6.9 % in the system. This method can raise energy efficiency to 12.06%, which is higher 1.42% than that by natural cooling method. Moreover, the systern reduces emissions of NO, 9.7 kg, CO2 742.9 kg, SO2 9.6 kg during the apparatus lifecycle. At the same time, this system maintains temperature difference at 22 ℃ between photovoltaic cells and environment, which increases the solar cells life span.

关 键 词：光伏温差发电 烟囱效应 余热利用 温差发电模块 

分 类 号：TK51[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程] TM91[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]