基于紫云英利用的化肥施用方式对水稻产量和土壤碳氮含量的影响  

Effect of fertilizer management on rice yield, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen based on utilizing the milk vetch

作　　者：周兴[1,2] 谢坚[2,3] 廖育林[2,3] 杨曾平[2,3] 鲁艳红[2,3] 徐文仕 涂赛军 聂军[2,3] 曹卫东[6] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖南长沙410125 [4]南县乌嘴乡农技站,湖南南县413200 [5]南县中鱼口乡农技站,湖南南县413200 [6]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第2期188-193,共6页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：农业公益性行业科研专项(201103005–08);国家"十二.五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B05–3);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目(Hunan–16)

摘　　要：通过连续4年定位大田试验,研究基于紫云英利用下的不同化肥施用方法对水稻产量及稻谷经济效益、氮素累积量以及土壤碳氮含量的影响。结果表明:①在紫云英利用(22 500 kg/hm2)下,与农民习惯施肥处理相比,化肥施用时间适当后移可以提高水稻两季总产量,其中减少20%和40%化肥施用量处理比基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3处理分别增产2.37%和3.34%,基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为0∶7∶3处理的增产效果次之;②紫云英利用后化肥施用时间适当后移可增加水稻产值,基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3的处理能增加水稻年平均产值3.0%,基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为0∶7∶3的处理增加年平均产值的效果次之;③化肥施用时间适当后移可提高水稻氮素累积总量、氮素稻谷生产效率、氮素偏生产力及氮素收获指数,其中基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3处理提高水稻氮素累积总量、氮素稻谷生产效率、氮素偏生产力及氮素收获指数的作用最好;④化肥施用时间适当后移还可提高土壤碳和全氮含量,其中基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3处理的效果最佳。综合比较以上结果,认为紫云英利用后化肥施用时间可适当后移,基肥、分蘖肥、壮籽肥质量比为3∶4∶3的施肥方法既能提高水稻产量,又能提升土壤肥力。A four-year （2008-2011） long term experiment was carried out to study the effects of different chemical fertilizer management on rice yield, paddy economic benefits, total nitrogen（N） accumulation, soil carbon（C） and nitrogen under the utilization of milk vetch （22 500 kg/hm2）. The results were as follows： ①Compared with farmers＇fertilizer practice （FFP）, fertilizers application delayed appropriately could increase rice yields. Among all treatments, treatments of 20% or 40% chemical fertilizer cut down could only increase 2.37% and 3.34% grain yield respectively than that of combined treatment of basal fertilizer ＋ tillering fertilizer ＋ panicle fertilizer （the ratio was 3 ： 4 ： 3） （Treat 1）, which was followed by the treatment of basal fertilizer ＋ fillering fertilizer ＋ panicle fertilizer （the ratio was 0 ： 7 ： 3） （Treat2）. ②The appropriate postponed fertilizers application could increase rice output value. Treatl could increase 3.0% average annual output value, followed by Treat2. ③The fertilizers application time postponed could improve total nitrogen accumulation in rice （TNA）, N grain production efficiency （NGPE）, N partial factor productivity （NPF） and N harvest index （NHI）. Treatlwas the best one in improving TNA, NGPE, NPF and NHI among all treatments. ④The retarded fertilizers application could also increase the content of soil organic carbon （SOC） and soil total nitrogen （TIN）. Treatl had the best effect in improving SOC and TN. Through the above comparison, the appropriate retarded use of combined fertilizers, which was composed of 30% basal fertilizer ＋ 40% fillering fertilizer and 30% panicle fertilizer was a better approach for increasing rice yield and for enhancing soil fertility under the condition of utilizing milk vetch.

关 键 词：双季稻 紫云英 化肥 产量 经济效益 氮素累积量 土壤碳含量 土壤氮含量 

分 类 号：S142.1[农业科学—肥料学] S143.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]