利用SCoT标记分析花生栽培种×A.chacoensis组合异源多倍化的早期基因组变化  

Study on Genome Variations by Using SCoT Markers During Allopolyploidization of the Cultivated Peanut ×A.chacoensis

作　　者：贺梁琼[1,2,3] 熊发前[2,3] 钟瑞春[2] 韩柱强[2] 李忠[2] 唐秀梅[2] 蒋菁[2] 唐荣华[2,3] 何新华[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530004 [2]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,南宁530007 [3]广西农业科学院/广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第8期1555-1563,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2012GXNSFBA053051);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2012JM15);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项项目(桂农科2011YZ09);国家自然科学基金(31240059);广西重点实验室建设项目(12-071-09)

摘　　要：【目的】研究花生属异源多倍化过程中基因组变化行为,揭示花生属多倍体进化的分子机制。【方法】采用SCoT标记对四倍体栽培种仲恺花4号和二倍体野生种A.chacoensis的种间杂种F1及早期多倍体世代(S0—S3)基因组变化时间、类型和频率进行分析。【结果】18条SCoT引物共扩增出126个位点,其中多态性位点117个,多态性比率达92.86%,在供试材料中检测出了丰富的DNA多态性;与扩增出的109条亲本条带比较,F1—S3分别丢失亲本条带28、30、10、11和10条,其中,来自父本特异性条带为16、12、7、9和9条,各自新增条带9、3、10、14和8条,说明SCoT产物早在Fl即开始发生变化,变化类型包括亲本条带的丢失、跳跃式继承和新条带的产生,在丢失的亲本条带中以父本条带为主。【结论】ATG翻译起始位点及其侧翼区域在花生种间杂交异源多倍化早期迅速发生广泛而剧烈的变化,其生物学功能可能与多倍体的进化和稳定有关;SCoT标记作为一种简单、有效和实用的新型功能型分子标记技术,可以为花生属及其它物种多倍体进化中基因组遗传变化研究提供技术支持。[Objective] Genome changes during allopolyploidization were studied to reveal preiliminarily the molecular mechanisms of Arachis polyploidization. [Method] A newly interspecific hybridization between tetraploid cultivated peanut Zhongkaihua No.4 and diploid wild one .4. chacoensis to study the genomic varied time, types and frequency of the hybrid F1, early allopolyploidy generation（S0-S3）bystart codontargeted polymorphism（SCoT）molecular marker technique. [Result] Atotalof 126 loci were produced including 117 polymorphic loci with a polymorphism rate of 92.86% by 18 SCoT primers, which showed that SCoT loci could reveal the relatively high genetic diversity among the Arachis collections. Compared with 109 parental fragments, 28, 30, 10,11 and 10 ones were lost and 9, 3, 10, 14 and 8 new fragments were produced in F1-S3 independently. Furthermore, in the lost parental bands, 16, 12, 7, 9 and 9 bands were from male. These results indicated that SCoT products began to alter as early as in F l and the changes mainly included the loss, simultaneous appearance of parental bands and appearance of novel fragments, and the loss of male fragments was the major. [Conclusion] The ATG translation start codon and the flanking regionvaried extremely in early period during Arachis allopolyploidization which speculated that their biological function might be related with polyploidy evolution and stability. As a new molecular marker technique, SCoT could provide a scientific basis in research on genomic variation during polyploidization in Arachis and other species because of its simplicity, effectiveness and practicality.

关 键 词：SCoT 花生 功能型标记 种间杂交 异源多倍化 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]