光周期和温度对中华通草蛉不同越冬时期成虫滞育后生物学特性的影响  

Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on the Post-Diapause Biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) Adults in Different Overwintering Periods

作　　者：陈珍珍[1] 李明贵[1] 郭亚楠 印象初[1] 张帆[3] 许永玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省聊城市林业局森报站,山东聊城252000 [3]北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第8期1610-1618,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(“973”计划)项目(2013CB127605);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303024)

摘　　要：【目的】了解不同光周期和温度对中华通草蛉(Chrysoperla sinica)自然滞育种群成虫滞育后生殖生物学的影响,明确"滞育发育"与滞育强度、滞育解除与滞育后发育的关系。【方法】观察记录中华通草蛉自然种群分别于11月、1月、3月在18、22、28℃及不同光周期(15D﹕9L、13.5D﹕10.5L、12L﹕12D)下的产卵前期、产卵历期、产卵量和雌成虫寿命等。【结果】温度对滞育解除后的中华通草蛉成虫的产卵前期(P<0.001)、产卵历期(P<0.001)、产卵量(P=0.012)和雌虫寿命(P<0.001)均有显著影响:随着温度的升高,中华通草蛉解除滞育后的产卵前期、产卵历期、雌雄成虫寿命均缩短。11月份22℃下成虫产卵量最高,而18℃下最低,且3个温度间产卵量有显著差异(P<0.001)。而1月份(P=0.604)与3月份(P=0.745)不同温度间产卵量无显著性差异。不同越冬时期对滞育成虫产卵前期有显著性影响(P<0.001),且随越冬时间延长产卵前期减少。成虫在1月份产卵量高于其它越冬时期,且只有在光周期15D-9L条件下差异显著(P<0.05),其余光照条件下差异均不显著(P>0.05)。不同越冬时期对成虫产卵历期和雌虫寿命差异不显著(P>0.05)。光周期对中华通草蛉滞育解除过程中的产卵前期(P=0.240)、产卵历期(P=0.234)及雌虫寿命(P=0.155)均无显著性影响。中华通草蛉成虫在15D﹕9L条件下产卵量最大,且在11月份(P=0.008)与3月份(P<0.001)显著高于其它光周期下,1月份则光周期对产卵量无显著影响(P=0.735)。交互作用显示,温度与越冬时期的交互对产卵前期(P=0.016)及产卵量(P<0.001)影响显著,而对产卵历期(P=0.321)和雌虫寿命(P=0.583)则无显著影响。光周期与越冬时期的交互对产卵前期(P=0.664)、产卵历期(P=0.074)和雌虫寿命(P=0.052)均无显著性影响,但显著影响成虫产卵量(P=0.031)。【结论】温度对滞育后发育生物学特性均有显著性影响。越冬时期只对�[ Objective] The effects of photoperiod and temperature on the post-diapause development of Chrysoperla sinicaadults and the relationship between diapause development and diapause intensity, diapause terminate, and post-diapuse development were studied. [ Method ] The pre-ovipositon, oviposition period, fecundity and longevity of overwintering adults of Ch. sinica were determined in November, January and March under three constant temperatures （18, 22, 28℃） and three different photoperiods （15D ： 9L, 13.5D ： 10.5L, 12L ： 12D）. [Result] Temperature had significant effects on pre-oviposition period （P〈0.001）, oviposition period （P〈0.001） and longevity of female adults （P〈0.001） that shortened with the temperature increases. The fecundity had significant differences at different temperatures in November （P〈0.001） and the highest reproductivity was at 22~C and the lowest at 18℃. However, no significant differences were found among temperatures in January （P=0.604） and March （P=0.745）. Overwintering periods had distinct effects on the pre-oviposition period （P〈0.001）, fecundity （P〉0.05） except oviposition periods （P〉0.05） and longevity of female adults （P〉0.05）. The pre-oviposition periods and longevity of the adults became shorter with the overwintering time extending. The highest fecundity at 18℃ and 28℃ was in January, and the lowest in November, but at 22℃, the highest and lowest fecundity were in November and March, respectively. The photoperiods had no significant effects on pre-oviposition periods （P=0.240）, oviposition periods （P=0.234） and female longevity （P=0.155） in the diapause termination process except fecundity （P〈 0.001）. The reduced light times could decrease significantly the fecundity of the adults in November （P=0.008） and March （P^0.001）, but no significant effects on the adults in January （P=-0.735）. Interactive analysis showed that temperatures and overwintering periods had significant

关 键 词：中华通草蛉 温度 光周期 产卵前期 产卵历期 产卵量 雌虫寿命 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]