2012年宜宾市国家免疫规划疫苗接种率调查  

Survey on childhood vaccination rates of national immunization program in Yibin, 2012

作　　者：赖仁红 侯明书[1] 赵素容[1] 周萍[1] 郑岳鸣 于力力[1] 刘贤丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省宜宾市疾病预防控制中心,644000

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2013年第2期64-67,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解影响宜宾市儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种的因素,探索提高全市儿童预防接种率的方法。方法全市10个县(区)全部参与调查,采用分层抽样方法,入户调查1岁、2岁、3岁和4岁各270名儿童的国家免疫规划疫苗接种情况,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果共调查1080名1岁、2岁、3岁和4岁儿童,建证1078人,建证率99%;卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹/麻风减毒活疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗的基础免疫接种率分别为93.05%、95.93%、94.00%、95.00%和92.22%,五苗全程免疫覆盖率为92.22%。新增扩大国家免疫规划的甲肝减毒活疫苗、A群流脑疫苗、乙脑减毒活疫苗和A+C流脑疫苗接种率分别为85.06%、85.43%、88.15%和86.30%。城镇地区免疫规划疫苗接种率较农村地区低;新增扩大国家免疫规划疫苗较原免疫规划接种率低。结论宜宾市1～4岁儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种率维持在较高水平,但城镇接种点少、管理困难、宣传力度不够、查漏补种工作开展不扎实等,影响了宜宾市扩大国家免疫规划疫苗的接种。需合理增设接种单位,配足专业人员,提高专业素质,加强规范化管理,落实入托入学查验预防接种证和查漏补种工作,提高国家免疫规划疫苗接种率,保护儿童健康。Objective The purpose of this article is to analysis the factors that affected children＇ s National Immunization Program （NIP） and vaccination rates in Yibin, and to explore methods to improve vaccination rate in this city. Methods All counties and districts in Yibin participated in the investigation. The vaccination information collected form 270 children under 4 years old through household survey. Stratified sampling method and descriptive epidemiological method were employed in the data analysis. Results The survey investigated a total of 1080 children aged 1 -4 years, of which 1078 were registered and the rate of registration was 99%. Bacillus Calmette-Gu6rin （BCG）, Oral Polio Vaccine （OPV）, Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Combined Vaccine （DTP）, Measles ! Rubella Vaccine （MV ! MR） and Hepatitis B Vaccine （HepB） immunization rates were 93.05% ,95.93% ,94.00% ,95.00% and 92.22% , respectively. The coverage rate for five vaccines was 92.22%. Meanwhile, the vaccination rates of Live Attenuated Hepatitis A Vaccines （HepA-L） , Group A Meningococcal Vaccine （MenV-A）, Live Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine （JEV-L） and Groups A and C Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine （MenV-A ＋ C） , as to be the expanded vaccines for NIP, were 85.06% ,85.43% ,88.15% and 86.30%. The vaccination rates in urban area were lower than that in rural areas. The rates of expanded vaccines were lower than that of original vaccines. Conclusion The vaccination rate of NIP for children aged 1 - 4 years in Yibin maintained at a high level. However, insufficient vaccination sites, lacking of management capabilities, inadequate publicity, poor unvaccinated children finding were still influence factors for vaccination coverage in Yibin. It was necessary to increase vaccination sites, allocate more skilled medical professionals, strengthen standardized management, implement enrollment vaccination certificate inspection and provide immunization for unvaccinated children, in order to improve vaccin

关 键 词：免疫规划 疫苗接种率 宜宾 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]